Struktur dan Komposisi Mangrove di Pulau Kaledupa Taman Nasional Wakatobi, Sulawesi Tenggara - Jamili Jamili; Dede Setiadi; Ibnul Qayim; Edi Guhardja (Marine Science Department Diponegoro University, 2009)
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis, menguraikan struktur, dominasi vegetasi mangrove, zonasi, dan permudaan alami di Pulau Kaledupa Taman Nasional Wakatobi. Sampling vegetasi menggunakan metode transek garis dan metode plot. Data vegetasi mangrove diperoleh melalui pengamatan dari setiap plot. Untuk strata pohon, tiang dan sapihan, parameter yang diamati meliputi nama spesies, jumlah individu masing-masing spesies, dan ukuran diameter batang setinggi dada. Sedangkan untuk strata semai dihitung jumlah cacah individu masingmasing spesies. Data periode dan tinggi penggenangan pada saat air pasang, diukur pada plot pengamatan setiap hari selama 30 hari. Dominasi vegetasi mangrove ditentukan dengan parameter nilai penting, zonasi dengan parameter kerapatan relatif, dan permudaan alami vegetasi mangrove dianalisis dengan menggunakan nilai kerapatan total semai setiap plot pengamatan. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa komunitas mangrove di Pulau Kaledupa pada strata pohon didominasi oleh spesies Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, strata tiang didominasi oleh spesies Rhizophora mucronata, dan pada strata sapihan dan semai didominasi oleh spesies Ceriops tagal. Zonasi mangrove di Pulau Kaledupa terdiri atas empat zona, yaitu Zona R. mucronata, R. apiculata, Ceriops tagal, dan C.decandra. Tinggi penggenangan air laut merupakan faktor pengendali terjadinya zonasi mangrove di Pulau Kaledupa. Spesies C.tagal dan C.decandra memiliki tingkat permudaan alami baik, sedangkan spesies R. mucronata, R.apiculata, B.gymnorrhiza, Xylocarpus granatum, Sonneratia alba, dan Avicennia marina memiliki permudaan secara alami rendah. Kata kunci: Vegetasi mangrove, zonasi, struktur, komposisi This research was aimed to describe the structure, dominance of mangrove vegetation, zonation, and natural regeneration at Kaledupa Island of Wakatobi National Park. Sampling of vegetation used line transect and plot methods. Data of mangrove vegetation was obtained through observation of each plot at all growth phases (trees, poles, sapling and seedling) covering species name, number of individual of each species, and size of the breast height diameter of stem. Data of water inundation at high tide was measured at each observation plot. Observation was conducted for 30 days. Dominance of mangrove vegetation was determined by importance value parameter, zonation by relative density parameter and natural regeneration by seedling density. Results of this research found that mangrove community at Kaledupa Island at trees stratum were dominated by species Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, poles stratum was dominated by species Rhizophora mucronata, and at sapling and seedling stratum were dominated by species Ceriops tagal. Mangrove zonation at Kaledupa Island consisted of four zones, that are R. mucronata, R. apiculata, C. taga, and C. decandra zone. Height of seawater inundation is controlling factor of formation of mangrove zonation at Kaledupa Island. Species C. tagal and C. decandra had high level of natural regeneration, while species R.mucronata, R. apiculata, B. gymnorrhiza, Xylocarpus granatum, Sonneratia alba, and Avicennia marina had low natural regeneration. Key words : mangrove, zonation, structure, composition