KAJIAN DISTRIBUSI AIR PADA TANAH ANDOSOL MENGGUNAKAN TANAMAN CABAI RAWIT (CAPSICUM FRUTESCENS) DENGAN JUMLAH PEMBERIAN AIR YANG BERBEDA (Study of Water Distribution on Andosol Soil Planted is the Small Chili (Capsicum frutescens) with Different Amount Of - Indah Khairani Siregar; Sumono Sumono; Sulastri Panggabean (Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2017)
ABSTRACT Knowing the distribution of water on agricultural land is important as one of the considerations in providing irrigation water. This study was aimed to study the distribution of water in the Andosol soil using small chili with different amount of water provision and their effect on crop production. Parameters measured were physical properties of soil, the water content at field capacity, evapotranspiration, soil water distribution and plant dry weight. The results showed that the Andosol soil texture was sandy clay loam. The volumetric water content of field capacity was 45.42%. The evapotranspiration at the age of 30-40 and 41-75 days were 1.54 mm / day and 1.44 mm / day respectively. Distribution of groundwater at the treatment of 100%, 80% and 60% FC on the plant aged of 30-40 days, was 49.13%-52.51%, 40.38%-48.61% and 30 %-42.36% respectively, with the highest water content was in the soil layer of 0-5 cm. At the aged of was 41-75 days, the distribution of groundwater at the treatment of 100% field capacity ranged between 45.2% - 56.04%, with the highest water content was in the layer of 5-10 cm, while in the treatment of 80% and 60% FC soil water distribution was 44.32% and 44,32% - 47.82% - 39.80% respectively with the highest water content was in the layer of 0-5 cm. The highest plant dry weight at treatment of 80% was 1.37 g at 30-40 days and 5.62 g at 41-75 days. Keywords: Water Distribution, Small chili, Andosol Soil ABSTRAK Mengetahui distribusi air pada tanah pertanian cukup penting sebagai salah satu pertimbangan dalam memberikan air irigasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji distribusi air pada tanah Andosol menggunakan tanaman cabai rawit dengan jumlah pemberian air yang berbeda dan pengaruhnya terhadap produksi tanaman cabai rawit. Parameter yang diamati adalah sifat fisik tanah, kadar air kapasitas lapang, evapotranspirasi, distribusi air tanah dan berat kering tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tanah Andosol bertekstur lempung liat berpasir. Kadar air kapasitas lapang (KL) volumetrik tanah 45,42%. Evapotranspirasi tanaman cabai rawit pada umur 30-40 hari dan umur 41-75 hari sebesar 1,54 mm/hari dan 1,44 mm/hari. Distribusi air tanah dengan perlakuan 100% KL, 80% KL dan 60% KL pada tanaman umur 30-40 hari, berturut-turut berkisar antara 49,13%-52,51%, 40,38%-48,61% dan 30%-42,36%, dengan kadar air tertinggi terdapat pada lapisan tanah 0-5 cm. Untuk tanaman umur 41-75 hari, distribusi air tanah pada perlakuan 100% KL berkisar antara 45,2%-56,04%, dengan kadar air tertinggi terdapat pada lapisan 5-10 cm, sedangkan pada perlakuan 80% KL dan 60% KL distribusi air tanah berturut-turut berkisar antara 44,32%-47,82% dan 36,47%-39,80% dengan kadar air tertinggi terdapat pada lapisan 0-5 cm. Berat kering tanaman tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan 80% KL sebesar 1,37 g untuk tanaman umur 30-40 hari dan 5,62 g untuk tanaman umur 41-75 hari. Kata Kunci: Distribusi Air, Tanaman Cabai Rawit, Tanah Andosol