UJI KARAKTERISTIK FISIK SERAT ALAMI TANAMAN LIDAH MERTUA (Sansevieria trifasciata P.) PADA PEMBUATAN BENANG PAKAN (Physical Characteristics Test of Sansevieria (Sansevieria trifasciata P.) Fiber to Made Yarn Feed) - Nency Situmorang; Saipul Bahri Daulay; Sulastri Panggabean (Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2017)
ABSTRACT Fiber of Sansevieria has characteristics of not easily fragile, shiny, long, and potentially used as a raw material in manufacture of textiles, especially yarn. This study was aimed to make determine the physical characteristics of mother in law tongue fiber with and without the addition of NaOH. This research was conducted in March until May 2016 in the Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering, brightness level test was conducted at Laboratory of food technology, Faculty of Agriculture University of North Sumatra, Medan. Tensile strength test and test the fineness (number of threads) was conducted at Laboratory Evaluation of Textiles, College of Engineering Indonesian Islamic University, Yogyakarta. Parameters measured were tensile strength test, test the fineness (number of threads) and brightness level test. Results of the research indicated that the Sansevieria fiber produce different physical characteristics in each treatment with and without solution of NaOH. The highest result of tensile strength value of Sansevieria fibre was on the without NaOH treatment that is 144 grams. The highest result of fineness value of Sansevieria fibre was on the treatmeant with addition NaOH (10%) that is 3,8 tex. The highest result of the brightness value of Sansevieria fibre was on the treatmeant with addition NaOH (5%)that is 75.29%. Key words: Sansevieria, natural fiber, tensile strength, yarn. ABSTRAK Serat Sansevieria memiliki karakteristik yang tidak mudah rapuh, mengkilat, panjang dan berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan baku tekstil khususnya pada pembuatan benang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji karakteristik fisik serat tanaman lidah mertua dengan dan tanpa penambahan larutan NaOH. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret hingga Mei 2016 di Laboratorium Keteknikan Pertanian, Uji tingkat kecerahan dilakukan di Laboratorium Teknologi Pangan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. Uji Kekuatan tarik dan kehalusan (nomor benang) dilakukan di Laboratorium Evaluasi Tekstil, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta. Parameter yang diamati adalah kekuatan tarik, kehalusan (nomor benang) dan tingkat kecerahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serat Sansevieria menghasilkan karakteristik fisik yang berbeda pada masing-masing perlakuan dengan dan tanpa penambahan larutan NaOH. Nilai kekuatan tarik terbesar pada serat Sansevieria terdapat pada perlakuan tanpa NaOH (0%) yaitu 144 gram. Nilai kehalusan terbesar pada serat Sansevieria terdapat pada perlakuan penambahan NaOH (10%) yaitu 3,8 tex. Nilai tingkat kecerahan terbesar pada serat Sansevieria terdapat pada perlakuan NaOH (5%) yaitu 75,29%. Kata kunci : Sansevieria, serat alami, kekuatan tarik, benang