Pola Sensitivitas In Vitro Salmonella Typhi Terhadap Antibiotik Kloramfenikol, Amoksisilin, Dan Kotrimoksazol: Di Bagian Anak RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin Periode Mei-September 2012 - Silvan Juwita; Edi Hartoyo; Lia Yulia Budiarti (Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, 2013)
ABSTRACT: Incidence of typhoid fever in children is still considered high, especially in the Paediatric Department of RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin, so the effective and efficient treatment was required. The sensitivity test of organisms which tends to be resistance like Salmonella typhi is very important because each region has different sensitivity pattern of Salmonella and change over time. The purpose of this research was to determine the in vitro sensitivity pattern of Salmonella typhi to antibiotics chloramphenicol, amoxicillin, and cotrimoxazole in patients of Paediatric Department of RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin. This research was laboratoric descriptive.Out of 37 blood samples of typhoid fever patients in Paediatric Department of RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin, 20 samples were positive of Salmonella typhi isolate and the samples had undergone sensitivity test to antibiotic chloramphenicol, amoxicillin, and cotrimoxazole. This research was carried out with Kirby-Bauer diffusion method. Result interpretation was based on the formation radical zone of bacteria growth around antibiotic disk and it was compared to the standards of sensitivity by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2011. The results of this research showed that Salmonella typhi was sensitive to chloramphenicol, (65%); amoxicillin, (15%); and cotrimoxazole, (80%); resistance to chloramphenicol, (10%); amoxicillin, (85%); and cotrimoxazole, (20%); and intermediat to chloramphenicol, (25%). The results of this research suggested that antibiotics chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole were still sensitive to the bacteria Salmonella typhi, whereas amoxicillin was already resistant. Keywords: amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, Salmonella typhi. ABSTRAK: Angka kejadian demam tifoid pada anak yang masih tinggi khususnya di Bagian Anak RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin, sehingga diperlukan pengobatan yang efektif dan efesien. Uji sensitivitas terhadap organisme yang cenderung mengalami resistensi seperti Salmonella typhi sangatlah penting karena pada masing-masing daerah mempunyai pola sensitivitas Salmonella yang berbeda dan berubah seiring waktu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola sensitivitas in vitro Salmonella typhi terhadap antibiotik kloramfenikol, amoksisilin, dan kotrimoksazol pada pasien yang berada di Bagian Anak RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif laboratorik. Dari 37 sampel darah penderita demam tifoid di Bagian Anak RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin didapatkan 20 isolat positif Salmonella typhi dan telah dilakukan uji sensitivitas terhadap 3 jenis antibiotik yaitu kloramfenikol, amoksisilin, dan kotrimoksazol. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode difusi Kirby-Bauer. Interpretasi hasil berdasarkan pada terbentuknya zona radikal pertumbuhan bakteri di sekitar disk antibiotik dan dibandingkan dengan standar sensitivitas menurut Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) tahun 2011. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Salmonella typhi sensitif terhadap kloramfenikol, (65%); amoksisilin, (15%); dan kotrimoksazol, (80%); resisten terhadap kloramfenikol, (10%); amoksisilin, (85%); dan kotrimoksazol, (20%); dan intermediat terhadap kloramfenikol, (25%). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan antibiotik kloramfenikol dan kotrimoksazol masih sensitif terhadap kuman Salmonella typhi, sedangkan amoksisilin sudah resisten. Kata-kata kunci: amoksisilin, kloramfenikol, kotrimoksazol, Salmonella typhi.