DESAIN TERAS DAN BAHAN BAKAR PLTN JENIS PEBBLE BED MODULAR REACTOR (PBMR) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PROGRAM SRAC - Sungkowo Wahyu Santoso; Andang Widiharto; Yohannes Sardjono (Pusat Teknologi Dan Keselamatan Reaktor Nuklir (PTKRN), 2014)
Analisis desain down scale teras dan bahan bakar PBMR-HTR dengan menggunakan program SRAC bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh variasi pengayaan U235, burnable poison, laju aliran pendingin dan suhu pendingin masuk terhadap kekritisan teras serta aspek-aspek keselamatan reaktor nuklir dengan parameter nilai keff dan koefisien reaktivitas suhu bahan bakar, moderator dan pendingin. Teras PBMR-HTR berbentuk silinder finite dengan lubang ditengahnya yang berisi 334.000 bahan bakar pebble bed. Bahan bakar berupa UO2, moderator grafit dan pendingin helium. Model desain down scale dilakukan pada ½ teras yang mewakili keseluruhan teras. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memvariasikan pengayaan bahan bakar sebesar 8%, 8,5%, 9%, 9,5% dan 10% sementara variasi konsentrasi burnable poison sebesar 5 ppm, 7 ppm, 9 ppm, 11 ppm, dan 15 ppm. Variasi laju aliran pendingin sebesar 60%, 80%, 100%, 120%, dan 140% sementara variasi suhu masukan pendingin sebesar 673,15K; 723,15K; 773,15K; 823,15K dan 873,15K. Pada penelitian ini keff pada BOL tanpa Gd2O3 sebesar 1.026213 dan EOL sebesar 0.995865 dengan excess reactivity sebesar 2,5 % dengan pengkayaan U235 9%. Sementara keffpada BOL dengan menggunakan Gd2O3 sebesar 1.0069680 dan EOL sebesar 0.9961928 dengan excess reactivity sebesar 0.69 % dengan konsentrasi Gd2O3 7 ppm. Koefisien reaktivitas suhu bahan bakar,moderator dan pendingin berturut-turut sebesar -9,074583E-05/K, -2,971833E-05/K dan 1,120700E-05/K. Koefisien reaktivitas bernilai negatif menunjukkan karakteristik keselamatan melekat (inherent safety) telah terpenuhi. Peningkatan suhu masukan dan penurunan laju aliran pendingin berkontribusi menurunkan nilai keff teras sehingga koefisien reaktivitas bernilai negatif.Kata kunci : PBMR-HTR, kritikalitas, reaktivitas, down scale, burnable poison Core and fuel down scale analysis on PBMR-HTR using SRAC program aims to identify the influence of U235 enrichment, burnable poison, coolant flow rate and coolant temperature entered to criticality core and safety aspects of nuclear reactor with the parameters are multiplication factor (keff) and fuel temperature coefficient, moderator temperature coefficient and coolant temperature coefficient. Core PBMR-HTR finite cylindrical with a hole in the middle which contains 334,000 pebble fuel bed. That consist of UO2 fuel, graphite moderator and helium coolant. Down scale the design model performed on the half core represent the whole core. The study was conducted by varying the fuel enrichment of 8%; 8.5%; 9%; 9.5% and 10%, while variation burnable poison enrichment at 5 ppm, 7 ppm, 9 ppm, 11 ppm and 15 ppm. The variation of coolant flow rate of 60%, 80%, 100%, 120% and 140% from its original value at 17.118 kg/s while the variation of coolant temperature input at 673.15 K; 723.15 K; 773.15 K; 823.15 K and 873.15 K. In this research, value of keff without Gd2O3 are 1.026213 (BOL) and 1.004173 (EOL) with excess reactivity of 2.55% with 9% U235 enrichment. While keff on BOL by using 7 ppm Gd2O3 of 1.006968 and 1.004198 for EOL with excess reactivity of 0.69%. Fuel temperature reactivity coefficient, moderator and coolant in a row for -8.597317E-05/K; -2.595284E-05 /K and 1.1496E-06/K. Temperature reactivity coefficient is negative. This indicates inherent safety characteristic have been met. Increasing the input temperature and coolant flow rate reduction lowers the value of keff core, and it will contribute to negative reactivity coefficient. Keywords : PBMR-HTR, criticality, reactivity, down scale, burnable poison