STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN BAHAN BAKAR BEKAS PLTN - Bandi Parapak; Siti Alimah (BATAN, 2009)
ABSTRAK STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN BAHAN BAKAR BEKAS PLTN. Telah dilakukan kajian strategi pengelolaan bahan bakar bekas PLTN. Bahan bakar bekas adalah satu produk samping dari Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir (PLTN). Operasi teknis yang berhubungan dengan pengelolaan bahan bakar bekas yang dikeluarkan dari reaktor adalah daur ujung belakang. Daur ujung belakang dibagi menjadi tiga, yaitu ; daur sekali pakai (daur terbuka), daur tertutup dan kebijakan wait and see (penundaan keputusan). Strategi apapun yang dipilih pada daur ujung belakang dari daur bahan bakar nuklir, fasilitas penyimpanan Away-from-Reactor (AFR) perlu dibangun. Pada daur terbuka semua bahan bakar bekas dipertimbangkan sebagai limbah dan ditujukan untuk dibuang dalam penyimpanan geologi yang dalam. Sedang daur tertutup dibagi menjadi : (1) uranium dan plutonium diambil kembali dari bahan bakar bekas dengan olah ulang dan daur ulang untuk membuat bahan bakar mixed oxide (MOX), (2) transmutasi limbah dalam fasilitas reaktor nuklir subkritis dengan menggunakan akselerator, (3) konsep DUPIC (Direct Use of Spent PWR Fuel In CANDU). Dalam kebijakan wait and see, bermaksud, pertama kali menyimpan bahan bakar bekas dan memutuskan tahapan selanjutnya untuk olah ulang atau pembuangan. Kata kunci : bahan bakar bekas, daur terbuka, daur tertutup, wait and see ABSTRACT THE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY OF SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL. An assessment of management strategy of spent nuclear fuel has been carried out. The spent nuclear fuel is one of the by-products of nuclear power plant. The technical operations related to the management of spent fuel discharged from reactors are called the back-end fuel cycle. It can be largely divided into three option s : the once-through cycle, the closed cycle and the so-called ”wait and see” policy. Whatever strategy is selected for the back-end of the nuclear fuel cycle, Away-from- Reactor (AFR) storage facilities has to be constructed. For the once-through cycle, the entire content of spent fuel is considered as waste, and is subject to be disposed of into a deep underground repository. In the closed cycle, however, can be divided into : (1) uranium and plutonium are recovered from spent fuel by reprocessing and recycled to manufacture mixed oxide (MOX) fuel rods, (2) waste transmutation in accelerator-driven subcritical reactors, (3) DUPIC (Direct Use of Spent PWR Fuel In CANDU) concept. In wait and see policy, which means first storing the spent fuel and deciding at a later stage on reprocessing or disposal. Keywords : spent nuclear fuel, once-through cycle, closed cycle, wait and see