RESPON TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) HASIL RIMPANG KULTUR JARINGAN GENERASI KEDUA TERHADAP PEMUPUKAN - ENDANG HADIPOENTYANTI; SITTI FATIMAH SYAHID (Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan, 2007)
ABSTRAKPenelitian mengenai respon temulawak hasil rimpang kulturjaringan generasi kedua terhadap pemupukan telah dilaksanakan di lahanpetani Sumur Wangi, Kecamatan Tanah Sareal, Bogor dari bulan Oktober2002 sampai bulan September 2003. Bahan tanaman yang digunakansebagai benih adalah rimpang induk temulawak hasil kultur jaringangenerasi kedua. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah : (1) tanpa pupuk (kontrol),(2) pupuk kandang kambing 1 kg/tanaman, (3) pupuk kandang kambing 2kg/tanaman, (4) pupuk kandang kambing 1 kg/tanaman + pupuk buatanyaitu urea 2 g/tanaman, SP-36 1,8 g/tanaman dan KCL 2,7 g/tanaman dan,(5) pupuk kandang kambing 2 kg/tanaman + pupuk buatan urea 2g/tanaman, SP-36 1,8 g/tanaman dan KCL 2,7 g/tanaman. Rancangan yangdigunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Setiapulangan terdiri atas sepuluh tanaman. Jarak tanam yang digunakan adalah60 cm x 60 cm. Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase tumbuh, jumlahanakan, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang dan lebar daun serta lingkarbatang pada umur empat bulan, bobot rimpang per tanaman, panjang, lebardan diameter rimpang, jumlah rimpang induk serta analisa mutu yangmeliputi kadar air, kadar minyak atsiri dan kurkumin pada umursembilan bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah anakan,tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan panjang daun tidak dipengaruhi olehaplikasi pemupukan. Respon tanaman terhadap aplikasi pemupukanberpengaruh terhadap parameter lebar daun dan lingkar batang.Selanjutnya pemupukan berpengaruh nyata terhadap berat rimpang,panjang rimpang, lebar rimpang serta jumlah rimpang induk namuntidak berpengaruh terhadap diameter rimpang. Kandungan kurkuminpaling tinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan tanpa pemupukan.Kata kunci : Temulawak, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, kultur jaringan,pemupukan, pertumbuhan, produksi, mutu, Jawa BaratABSTRACTResponse of Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.)derived from rhizome in vitro of the second generation tofertilizer aplicationThe experiment was conducted to study the response of temulawakderived from rhizome in vitro of the second generation to fertilizerapplication. It was carried out in a farmer field at Sumur Wangi, Bogorfrom October 2002 to September 2003. Plant materials used were obtainedfrom in vitro rhizome of the second generation. Treatments tested werefive level of manure fertilizer and artificial fertilizer : (1) without fertilizer(control), (2) stable manure 1 kg/plant, (3) stable manure 2 kg/plant, (4)stable manure 1 kg/plant + artificial fertilizer i.e urea 2 g/plant, SP-36 1.8g/plant and KCL 2.7 g/plant and (5) stable manure 2 kg/plant + artificialfertilizer i.e urea 2 g/plant, SP-36 1.8 g/plant and KCL 2.7 g/plant. Theexperiment was designed using a randomized block design with threereplications, ten plants per replication. Plant spacing was 60 cm x 60 cm.The parameters observed were growth percentage, number of tillers, plantheight, number of leaves, length and width of leaves, stem coil at fourmonths of age, rhizome weight, length and width, rhizome diameter andnumber of main rhizomes. In addition, quality analysis was also conductedon water, essential, oil and curcumin content, nine months of age. Resultshowed that fertilizer treatment did not significantly increase the numberof tillers, plant height, leaf number, rhizome length and diameter comparedwith without fertilizer, but it significantly increased the leaf width, stemcoil, rhizome weight, length and width and also the number of mainrhizomes. The highest curcumin content was achieved by those withoutfertilizer treatment.Key words : Temulawak, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, tissue culture, fertilizerapplication, growth, yield, quality, West Java