FENOMENA HUKUM AKIBAT MEKANISME CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM DAN KEADILAN RESTORATIF DALAM PERSPEKTIF KEADILAN UTILITARIANISME - Manurung, Saut Parulian (Faculty of Law, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya, 2020)
AbstractIn this study aims to determine the legal phenomena that arise as a result of the criminal justice system, as a reflection of the development of criminal law both at the theoretical and practical level. The findings in this research are based on two approaches namely the statute approach as an approach based on the rule of law and the conceptual approach based on the conceptual approach. There are 3 (three) findings of legal phenomena in this study, namely: first, the presence of a double track system in the criminal mechanism in Indonesia. Secondly, there is a phenomenon of paradigm shifting the character of punishment in Indonesia and third, re-measuring restorative justice in the form of diversion mechanism based on the perspective of utilitarianism. In principle, crime is always closely related to criminal sanctions, but in the double track criminal system is directed at criminal actions. On the other hand, the phenomenon of paradigm shift in the character of punishment occurs in the juvenile justice system, namely the approach to criminal responsibility is done by bargaining an agreement between the perpetrators, victims and community involvement. Furthermore, measuring restorative justice based on a utility perspective, this finding found coherence between restorative justice in the form of diversion and utilitarianism. Therefore, the overall legal phenomena above are some manifestations of the legal reality that is present in the criminal system in Indonesia.Keywords: criminal paradigm shift; double track system; utilitarianismAbstrakPada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fenomena-fenomena hukum yang timbul akibat dari sistem peradilan pidana, sebagai suatu refleksi atas perkembangan hukum pidana baik pada tataran teoritis maupun praktik. Penemuan dalam penelitian didasari dengan dua pendekatan yaitu statute approach sebagai suatu pendekatan berdasarkan peraturan undang-undang dan conceptual approach yang didasari dengan pendekatan koseptual. Terdapat 3 (tiga) temuan fenomena hukum dalam penelitian ini yaitu: pertama, hadirnya double track system dalam mekanisme pemidanaan di Indonesia. Kedua, adanya fenomena pergeseran paradigma karakter pemidanaan di Indonesia dan ketiga, menakar kembali keadilan restoratif dalam bentuk mekanisme diversi berdasarkan perspektif utilitarianisme. Pada prinsipnya kejahatan tindak pidana selalu erat hubungannya dengan pidana sanksi namun dalam double track system pemidanaan diarahkan pada pidana tindakan. Di sisi lain, fenomena pergeseran paradigma karakter pemidanaan terjadi pada sistem peradilan pidana anak, yaitu pendekatan pertanggungjawaban pidana dilakukkan dengan cara bargaining kesepakatan antara pelaku, korban dan keterlibatan masyarakat. Selanjutnya menakar keadilan restoratif berdasarkan perspektif utilitis, dalam temuan ini ditemukan koherensi antara keadilan restoratif dalam bentuk diversi dengan aliran utilitarianisme. Oleh karena itu, keseluruhan fenomena-fenomena hukum tersebut diatas merupakan beberapa wujud kenyataan hukum yang hadir di sistem pidana di Indonesia.Kata kunci: double track system, pergeseran paradigma pidana, utilitarianisme