ANALISIS PELAKSANAAN PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT SEKTOR MIGAS DI JAWA TIMUR (THE ANALYSIS OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE OIL AND GASSECTOR IN EAST JAVA) - Kusbandrijo, Bambang (Pusjar SKPP Lembaga Administrasi Negara, 2014)
As stated by the Act of Oil and Gas, exploring companies are obliged to perform a community development. These companies, however, instead of bring the prosperity for the society, they reduce the opportunity for the people on making a living since there are no more job oportunities, resulting in the rate of poverty increasing. Based on this matter, this study aims to answer: why the community development is necessary, and how the implementation of the community development can be executed effectively, efficiently and right on target. The study is performed by using the descriptive-qualitative method. Result reveals that the content of the policy is contrary to the spirit of good governance and good corporate governance. The recovery cost affects to the low fund of the community development, the implementation of the community development is not yet structured, and the society's prosperity deteriorates. The “given” policy formulation, in which foreign needs to be involved, implicates the state authorization in a fragile condition so that the state is not able to preserve the defense and the sovereignty of energy. Instead, it marginalizes and divides the local communities.Keyword: community development, good governance, good corporate governanceBerdasarkan UU Migas, perusahaan eksplorasi wajib melaksanakan community development. Hadirnya perusahaan justru menciptakan kemiskinan baru karena masyarakat kehilangan sumber nafkah hidup dan tidak adanya lapangan pekerjaan baru. Bertolak dari masalah tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan menjawab: mengapa community development harus dilaksanakan, dan bagaimana model pelaksanaan community development yang efektif-efisien tetap target dan tepat sasaran? Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isi kebijakan bertentangan dengan semangat good governance dan good corporate governance, recovery cost berdampak pada rendahnya dana community development, pelaksanaan community development belum terstruktur, dan kesejahteraan masyarakat menurun. Perumusan kebijakan“given”, didalamnya terdapat kepentingan asing, berimplikasi pada rapuhnya kekuasaan negara untuk menjaga ketahanan dan kedaulatan energi. Pelaksanaan kebijakan justru memarginalkan dan mendeferensiasikan masyarakat lokal. Model implementasi community development mengacu pada konstitusi Negara, dengan menerapkan teori New Public Services, Good Governance, dan Good Corporate Governance, yang mengasumsikan perlunya transparansi, akuntabilitas, partisipasi, dan pelayanan optimal untuk kesejahteraan rakyat. Semua pemangku kepentingan (stakeholder) terlibat aktif baik pada perumusan maupun pelaksanaan kebijakan.Kata kunci : Pemberdayaan masyarakat, good governance, good corporate governance