PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTIONS OF DENTAL AND ALVEOLAR PLOSIVES USED IN MADURESE DICTIONARIES (TRANSKRIPSI FONETIS BUNYI LETUP DENTAL DAN ALVEOLAR DALAM KAMUS BAHASA MADURA) - Athour Rohman; Misnadin Misnadin (Balai Bahasa Jawa Barat, 2020)
AbstrakBunyi plosif dental dan alveolar umumnya dianggap bunyi yang sama. Jarang ada bahasa yang memiliki keduanya. Faktanya, Asosiasi Fonetik Internasional (IPA) tidak memiliki simbol yang berbeda untuk bunyi plosif dental dan alveolar. Akibatnya, para peneliti menggunakan simbol IPA yang berbeda untuk mentranskripsikan plosif dental dan alveolar bahasa Madura (BM). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bagaimana plosif dental dan alveolar ditranskripsikan dalam kamus BM dengan membahas tiga pertanyaan, yaitu simbol IPA yang digunakan penulis kamus untukmenstranskripsikannya; alasan penggunaan simbol itu; dan kesesuaian simbol dengan transkripsinya dalam BM dengan menerapkan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Analisis konten digunakan untuk menjawab pertanyaan pertama. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan kedua, wawancara dengan penulis kamus. Tes membaca transkripsi fonetik terhadap 10 mahasiswa Sastra Inggris bidang Linguistik dilakukan untuk menjawab pertanyaan ketiga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa plosif dental dan alveolar ditranskripsikan menggunakan simbol IPA yang berbeda dalam dua kamus BM. Kurangnya simbol tersendiri untuk plosif dental dalam bagan IPA dan niat penulis kamus untuk membedakan plosif dental dengan alveolar menjadi alasan utama bunyi-bunyi tersebut ditranskripsikan dengan simbol [t d dh] dan[ʈ ɖɖh] secara berurutan dalam kamus A. Kemiripan dan kebertukaran bunyi plosif dental dan alveolar dalam BM merupakan alasan utama bunyi tersebut ditranskripsikan dengan simbol yang sama [t d dh] dalam kamus B. Kesalahan pelafalan plosif dental dan alveolar pembaca juga ditemukan di kedua kamus.AbstractDental and alveolar plosives are commonly treated as similar sounds and it is rare for a language to have both. In fact, the International Phonetic Association (IPA) does not provide different symbols for dental and alveolar plosives. Consequently, researchers variously used different IPA symbols to represent dental and alveolar plosives in Madurese. The goal of this study was to investigate how dental and alveolar plosives were transcribed in Madurese dictionaries, addressing three questions regarding the IPA symbols used by lexicographers to represent the sounds, the reasons they used the symbols, and the appropriateness of the symbols to represent the sounds in Madurese words. This paper applied descriptive qualitative method. Content analysis was used to answer the first question. To answer the second question, interviews with the lexicographers were conducted to get their response and explanation about the symbol which they used. Phonetic transcription reading-tests to 10 English Department students who majored in Linguistics were done to answer the third question. The results showed that dental and alveolar plosives were phonetically transcribed using different IPA symbols in Madurese dictionaries. The lack of the separate symbols for dental plosives in the IPA chart and the lexicographer’s intention to distinguish dental from alveolar plosives were the primary reasons why they were transcribed using the symbols [t d dh] and [ʈ ɖ ɖh], respectively in Dictionary A. The similarity and the interchangeability of dental and alveolar plosives in Madurese were the primary reasons why they were transcribed by the same symbols [t d dh] in Dictionary B. Readers’ mispronunciations of dental and alveolar plosives were also found on both dictionaries.