Efek aplikasi beberapa taraf ekstrak sereh dan pemupukan NPK terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil padi gogo varietas Unsoed 1 di musim kemarau - Yugi R Ahadiyat; Okti Herliana; Ida Widiyawati (Universitas Padjadjaran, 2021)
AbstrakUpaya peningkatan hasil padi gogo perlu dilakukan melalui efisiensi pupuk N, P, dan K (NPK). Aplikasi bahan alami nabati dengan aplikasi ekstrak sereh (Cymbopogon citratus) bisa dijadikan alternatif untuk mengefisienkan nutrisi pada tanaman padi gogo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menetapkan konsentrasi ektrak sereh dan dosis pupuk NPK terhadap karakter fisiologi, pertumbuhan, dan hasil padi gogo. Penelitian dilakukan di Dusun Kalicacing, Desa Kalimandi, Kecamatan Purwareja Klampok, Kabupaten Banjarnegara pada bulan April sampai September 2017 dan menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama merupakan dosis pupuk N, P, K rekomendasi (100 kg N/ha, 100 kg P2O5/ha, dan 50 kg K2O/ha), dengan taraf 50% dan 100% dosis rekomendasi. Anak petak merupakan konsentrasi ekstrak sereh dengan taraf 0%; 1%; 1,25%; 1,67%; 2,5%; dan 5%. Variabel yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, luas daun, jumlah anakan, bobot kering tanaman, serapan N dan P, kandungan prolin, kadar klorofil a dan b, jumlah anakan produktif, bobot dan jumlah gabah per rumpun, bobot 1000 biji, persentase gabah isi, dan bobot gabah per petak efektif dan per hektar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak sereh belum mampu meningkatkan karakter pertumbuhan, fisiologi, dan hasil padi gogo yang optimum. Dosis pupuk NPK 50% mampu menghasilkan bobot gabah setara dengan pupuk NPK 100% rekomendasi yaitu 3,46 – 3,47 t/ha. Meskipun aplikasi ekstrak sereh tidak memberikan perbedaan nyata dengan tanpa pemberian ekstrak sereh, aplikasi ekstrak sereh tidak memberikan penurunan pada pertumbuhan dan hasil padi gogo sehingga aman digunakan sampai batas konsentrasi 5%.Kata Kunci: ekstrak sereh, fisiologi tanaman, hasil tanaman, padi gogo, pertumbuhan tanaman, pupuk NPK AbstractEfforts to increase upland rice yield need to be done through the efficiency of synthetic N, P, and K (NPK) fertilizers. The application of natural resources such the application of lemongrass extract (Cymbopogon citratus) can be used as a complement so that nutrients are more efficient for upland rice. Objective of this study was to determine the application of lemon grass extract concentrations dan N, P, K fertilizer dosages on characters of physiology, growth, and yield, of upland rice. Split Plot Design with main plot of NPK fertilizers recommendation dosage (100 kg N/ha, 100 kg P2O5/ha, 50 kg K2O/ha) which levels were 50% and 100 %. Subplot was lemongrass extract concentration viz. 0%; 1%; 1.25%; 1.67%; 2.5%; and 5% were tested with three replications at Kalicacing sub-village, village of Kalimandi, Purwareja Sub-district, District of Banjarnegara from April to September 2017. The observed variables were plant height, leaf number, leaf area, tillers number, dry weight of plants, N dan P uptake, proline content, chlorophyll a dan b, productive tillers number, weight dan number of grains, weight of 1000 seeds, percentage of filled grain, and weight of grain/effective plot and per hectare. The results showed that lemon grass extract could not improve the upland performance yet. However, NPK dosage of 50% dan 100% had an equal grain yield about 3.46 – 3.47 t/ha. Although the application of lemongrass extract did not give a significant difference with 0% lemongrass extract, it did not decrease the growth and yield of upland rice so it was safe to use, up to concentration of 5%.Keywords: lemon grass extract, NPK fertilizers, plant growth, plant physiology, upland rice, yield.