DAMPAK PENGADAAN TANAH TERHADAP PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DAN KONDISI SOSIAL MASYARAKAT - Nurul Azmy D. Tantja; Westi Utami; Mujiyati Mujiyati (Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram, 2021)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan penggunaan lahan dan kondisi sosial masyarakat yang terjadi akibat pengadaan tanah untuk pembangunan infrastruktur sarana dan prasarana kereta api di Kecamatan Tanete Rilau. Penelitian dilakukan melalui metode kualitatif deskriptif untuk mengetahui dampak sosial masyarakat, sementara analisis spasial untuk memetakan perubahan penggunaan lahan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara kepada responden kunci, observasi serta interpretasi citra Sentinel tahun 2015 dan 2021. Pemetaan perubahan penggunaan lahan dilakukan melalui analisis overlay peta penggunaan lahan tahun 2015 dengan 2021. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pembangunan infrastruktur sarana dan prasarana kereta api berdampak pada berkurangnya lahan pertanian yakni sawah seluas 37,77 Ha maupun tegalan seluas 12,40 Ha. Pembangunan juga berimplikasi terhadap menurunnya kualitas lingkungan bahkan memunculkan bencana banjir. Selain itu, pembangunan juga merubah kondisi sosial masyarakat diantaranya terjadi alih fungsi pekerjaan, menurunnya lahan garapan petani serta terbatasnya jaringan transportasi karena pembangunan rel kereta. Pembangunan juga mengakibatkan perubahan morfologi serta terganggunya sistem irigasi yang berimplikasi pada terkumpul air/genangan pada lahan pertanian, kondisi inilah yang menyebabkan petani mengalami gagal panen. Mitigasi dampak yang kurang terencana sejak awal pembangunan berimplikasi pada menurunnya kondisi sosial masyarakat serta degradasi lingkungan. Abstract: This study aims to analyze changes in land use and social conditions of the community that occur due to land acquisition for the construction of railway facilities and infrastructure in Tanete Rilau District. The research was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods to determine the social impact of the community, while spatial analysis was to map changes in land use. Data collection was carried out through interviews with key respondents, observation and interpretation of Sentinel imagery in 2015 and 2021. Overlay analysis of land use maps from 2015 to 2021 was carried out to map land use changes. The results showed that the construction of railway facilities and infrastructure had an impact on the reduction of agricultural land, namely 37.77 hectares of rice fields and 12.40 hectares of dry fields. The development also has implications for the declining quality of the environment, even causing floods. The impact of the development also changes the social conditions of the community, including the change of job functions, the decline in farmers' arable land and the limited transportation network due to the construction of railroads. The development also results in changes in morphology and disruption of the irrigation system which has implications for the accumulation of water/puddles on agricultural land. This condition causes farmers to experience crop failure. Unplanned impact mitigation since the beginning of development has implications for the decline in social conditions of the community and environmental degradation.