KEEFEKTIFAN CAMPURAN EKSTRAK BAWANG PUTIH DAN DAUN MIMBA UNTUK KEONG MAS (Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck) - Hardika Azmi Solin; Muhammad Sayuthi; Alfian Rusdy (Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala, 2018)
Keong mas merupakan salah satu hama utama pada pertanaman padi yang menyerang sejak dari pembibitan sampai tanaman berumur 1 bulan. Tumbuhan yang berpotensi sebagai molusisida nabati untuk mengendalikan keong mas antara lain umbi bawang putih (Allium sativum L) dan Mimba (Azadirachta indica Juss). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan konsentrasi yang efektif dari campuran ekstrak bawang putih dan daun mimba dalam mengendalikan keong mas (Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck). Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial yang terdiri dari 6 tingkatan perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak 4 kali sehingga didapat 24 percobaan. Aplikasi Ekstrak Bawang Putih, Daun mimba dan Niclosan dilakukan dengan cara di masukkan ke dalam ember perlakuan dengan konsentrasi ekstrak bawang putih 1 g/10 ml aquades, ekstrak daun mimba 1 g/10 ml aquades, ekstrak bawang Putih 0,5 g + Ekstrak daun mimba 0,5 g/10 ml aquades, ekstrak bawang Putih 0,25 g + ekstrak daun mimba 0,75 g/10 ml aquades, ekstrak bawang putih 0,75 g + ekstrak daun mimba 0,25 g/10 ml aquades dan Niclosamida 0,5 ml/10 ml aquades. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi campuran ekstrak bawang putih dan daun mimba serta niclosan berpengaruh terhadap mortalitas keong mas, penghambatan makan dan kecepatan waktu kematian Persentase mortalitas keong mas tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan tunggal 1 g ekstrak daun mimba sebesar 95,31% dan terendah pada perlakuan tunggal 1 g ekstrak bawang putih. Persentase penghambatan makan tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan tunggal 1 g ekstrak bawang putih dan yang terendah pada perlakuan campuran 0,75 g ekstrak bawang putih dan 0,25 g ekstrak daun mimba, sedangkan Kecepatan waktu kematian keong mas setelah aplikasi perlakuan tunggal 1 g ekstrak bawang putih lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya, kecuali pada perlakuan Niclosan. Dengan demikian, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi tunggal ekstrak daun mimba lebih efektif dibandingkan aplikasi secara campuran. The Effectiveness of Garlic Extract and Mimba Leaves Mixture to Control Golden Snails (Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck) Golden snail is one of the main pests on rice plantations which attack since the process of planting until the plants are 1 month of age. Some of the plants which have the potential to be vegetable molluscicides to handle golden snails are Garlic (Allium sativum L) and Mimba (Azadirachta indica Juss). The purpose of this research was to obtain an effective concentration from a mixture of garlic extract and mimba leaves to handle golden snails (Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck). The design used in the research was the Complete Randomized Design (RAL) non factorial consisted of 6 tiers of treatment and repeated a total amount of 4 times and that resulted in 24 experiments. The application of Garlic Extract, Mimba Leaves and Niclosan was done by putting them in a treatment bucket with concentrate garlic extract 1 g/10 ml distilled water, mimba leaves extract 1 g/10 ml distilled water, garlic extract 0.5 g + mimba leaves extracts 0.5 g/10 ml distilled water, garlic extract 0.25 g + mimba leaves extract 0.75 g/10 ml distilled water, garlic extract 0.75 g + mimba leaves extract 0.25 g/10 ml distilled water and Niclosamida 0,5 ml/10 ml distilled water. The research results showed that the application of garlic and mimba leaves extract as well as niclosan influenced the mortality, the feeding inhibitions and the speed time of death of the golden snails. The highest mortality percentage of golden snails was in the single treatment of 1g of the mimba leaves extract which was as big as 95,31% and the lowest percentage was in the single treatment of 1g of garlic extract. The highest percentage of feeding inhibition was on the single treatment of 1g of garlic extract and the lowest percentage was in the mixed treatment of 0.75g of garlic extract and 0,25g of mimba leaves extract, whereas the speed time of death of the golden snails after the application of single treatments of 1g of garlic extract was faster compared to the other treatments, except on the treatment niclosan. Thus, the research results showed that a single application of mimba leaves extract was more effective compared to the application of mixed treatment.