Analisis Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Gen Faktor Transkripsi MYB dalam Biosintesis Antosianin Kulit Buah Mangga (Analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Gene Transcription Factor MYB in Mango Skin Anthocyanin Biosynthesis) - Findy Ashgi; Adi Pancoro (Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development, 2021)
Perkembangan pasar bebas berdampak terhadap selera produk-produk pertanian, seperti warna buah mangga. Antosianin merupakan senyawa yang bertanggung jawab dalam menginduksi warna pada buah. Senyawa ini diregulasi oleh gen faktor transkripsi MYB. Mutasi Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) daerah ekson gen MYB dapat mengubah asam amino yang memengaruhi aktivitas enzim yang mengakibatkan munculnya variasi fenotipe warna buah di antara individu-individu dalam spesies yang sama. Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan SNP pada gen MYB dari kulit buah mangga varietas Arum Manis, Gedong Gincu, Manalagi, Golek, dan Cengkir. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tiga tahap utama, yaitu isolasi DNA kulit buah mangga, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), dan proses sekuensing oleh Macrogen Inc. (Singapore). Hasil multiple sequence alignment asam amino gen faktor transkripsi MYB menunjukkan adanya perbedaan basa yang mengakibatkan munculnya stop codon dari SNP 337 A→T dan SNP 338 A→G yang memengaruhi fenotipe warna kulit buah. SNP yang memunculkan stop codon dapat direkomendasikan untuk membedakan fenotipe pigmentasi antosianin pada kulit buah mangga Gedong Gincu yang bewarna merah dengan warna kulit buah mangga yang lainnya. Adanya SNP menyebabkan prematur stop codon yang terjadi pada gen faktor transkripsi MYB dan diduga berpengaruh terhadap pigmentasi antosianin.KeywordsMangga; SNP; Faktor transkripsi; Antosianin; MYBAbstract The development of free markets gives an impact on appetite for agricultural products, such as the color of mangoes fruit skin. Anthocyanins are compounds that are responsible for giving color to the fruit skin, these compounds are regulated by the MYB transcription factor genes. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) mutations in the exon region of the MYB gene can change amino acids that affect enzyme activity, resulting in phenotypic variations in fruit color among individuals in the same species. This study aims to find SNP in MYB genes from mango peel varieties Arum Manis, Gedong Gincu, Manalagi, Golek, and Cengkir. The research was conducted in three main stages, namely isolation of mango peel DNA, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and sequencing process by Macrogen Inc (Singapore). The results of multiple sequence alignment of the amino acid MYB transcription factor genes showed a base difference which resulted in the appearance of a stop codon from SNP 337 A→T and SNP 338 A→G which affected the phenotype of fruit skin color. The SNP that raises the stop codon can be recommended to differentiate the anthocyanin pigmentation phenotype on the red skin of the mango Gedong Gincu from the skin color of other mangoes. The presence of SNP causes premature stop codon that occurs in the MYB transcription factor gene and is thought to have an effect on anthocyanin pigmentation.