THE RESULTS OF SCORING OF STUDENTS’ ESSAYS CONDUCTED BY EXAMINERS OF DIFFERENT GENDERS (RETAIN, 2017)
THE RESULTS OF SCORING OF STUDENTS’ ESSAYS CONDUCTED BY EXAMINERS OF DIFFERENT GENDERS Fiki Izzatun Jundah English Education, Languages and Arts Faculty, State University of Surabaya Email: Fikijundah@mhs.unesa.ac.id Susanto English Education, Languages and Arts Faculty, State University of Surabaya Email: Susantoniki@gmail.com Abstrak Dalam kegiatan pengajaran dan pembelajaran, penilaian diterapkan oleh guru untuk mengetahui dan mengevaluasi tentang apa yang telah dicapai oleh murid selama pembelajaran. Akhir-akhir ini beberapa penelitian memfokuskan pada penilaian yang dianggap tidak seimbang. Hal tersebut sering terjadi di dalam penilaian menulis. Satu faktor yang dapat memengaruhi hal tersebut adalah gender. Beberapa penelitian menemukan fakta bahwa gender penilai tidak begitu berpengaruh dalam penilaian. Di lain sisi, penelitian lainnya menemukan bahwa gender dapat memengaruhi penilaian. Hal tersebut dikarenakan perbedaan persepsi dalam menilai sebuah tulisan. Perbedaan tersebut memunculkan sebuah gagasan untuk menginvestigasi fenomena tersebut di tempat yang berbeda. Oleh karena itu, rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana gender dari subjek yang berbeda menilai sebuah penulisan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskripif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah enam dosen (tiga laki-laki dan tiga perempuan) dari Universitas Negeri di Surabaya, Jawa Timur Indonesia. Dalam pengumpulan data, peneliti menggunakan document analysis dan wawancara. Dokumen tersebut digunakan untuk mengumpulkan hasil penilaian dari setiap subjek, kemudian data dianalisa dan ditampilkan secara singkat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa subjek memberikan nilai, pendapat, persepsi, dan pertimbangan yang berbeda pada tiga komponen penulisan, diantaranya adalah organisasi, pengembangan ide, gaya tulis, dan kualitas ekspresi. Sebaliknya, subjek memberikan nilai, pendapat, perspesi, dan pertimbangan yang sama pada tata bahasa dan mekanisme penulisan. Perbedaan itu memengaruhi ketidaksamaan nilai, karena tulisan tersebut tidak mendapatkan nilai yang sama ketika dinilai oleh subjek yang berbeda berdasarkan gender. Faktanya, penilai harus memiliki standar yang sama akan penilaian penulisan. Sehingga, murid mendapatkan jaminan akan nilai yang dapat dipercaya. Kata kunci : penilaian, tulisan, gender, bias Abstract In teaching and learning, assessment is applied by teachers to find out and evaluate what have been achieved by students during the lesson. Recently, there were some studies which focused on the unfair assessment. This unfair assessment commonly found in assessment writing products. One of the factors which might have affected the unfair assessment is the gender of the assessors. Some studies indicated that the marker’s gender seemed to have little impact on assessment. But, others found that gender has impact to assessment. They found that male and female teachers have different point of view in evaluating writing products. Those different results have inspired this study. This research was aimed to describe the different of the subjects in examining an essay. The researcher applied descriptive qualitative research. The subjects of the study were six lecturers (three males and three females) from a State University in Surabaya East Java Indonesia. The researcher used document analysis and interview. The document was the rubric of the scoring. This document was used to collect the scores of each subject. Then, the interview was held to gain specific information of their consideration and opinion in assessing each component. In addition, the data was analyzed and presented briefly. Based on the result of the analysis, it was found that the examiners have given different scores, opinion, perception, and considerations in three components of writing. Those are the organization, the logical development of ideas, the style, and the quality of expression. In contrast, all the subjects have given same score and have similar opinion, perception, and consideration in the grammar and the mechanics. Those differences affect to the unreliability scores, because the essays do not get same scores when it is scored by different genders of the subjects. In fact, the assessors should have same standard in assessing the essay. So, the students will guarantee to get reliable scores. Keywords: assessment, essay, gender, bias