MUSLIM WOMEN'S RESISTANCE AGAINTS SECULARIST'S DOMINATION IN ORHAN PAMUK'S SNOW - DIAH ISTIQOMAH (The English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, 2013)
Perdebatan masalah jilbab masih membayangi kehidupan Turki modern. Dalam novel Snow karya Orhan Pamuk, untuk memodernisasi Negara, para elite sekuler melaksanakan paham atau ideology sekuler dengan cara pencopotan jilbab kaum wanita. Pengimplementasian tersebut dilakukan melalui pelarangan pemakaian jilbab di tempat umum, termasuk sekolah, yang dalam pelaksanaannya mendominasi wanita Muslim. Sebaliknya, wanita muslim, yang diperankan oleh tokoh bernama Kadife, Hande, dan Teslime, melawan dominasi untuk mempertahankan hak-hak wanita atas pemakaia jilbab demi menjalankan ajaran agama mereka, yaitu Islam. Berdasarkan identifikasi fakta dalam data, skripsi ini merumuskan masalah (1) bagaimana dominasi para elite sekuler atas wanita Muslim digambarkan dalam novel Snow karya Orhan Pamuk? dan (2) bagaimana wanita Muslim menunjukkan perlawanan mereka terhadaap dominasi elite sekuler dalam novel Snow karya Orhan Pamuk? Konsep dominasi dan perlawanan berdasarkan pemikiran James C. Scott dan Daniel Miller. Konsep-konsep tersebut diaplikasikan bersama dengan konsep hegemony dari Antonio Gramsci, dan feminisme berkerudung, terutama pergerakan wanita berlambang warna putih oleh Cihan Aktas. Untuk menganalisis data, pendekatan mimesis dengan metode deskriptif analisis diaplikasikan dalam skripsi ini. Terakhir, hasil dari analisis data menunjukkan bahwa dominasi para elite sekuler terwujud dalam lima bentuk: dominasi melalui pembuatan kebijakan, ancaman, drama panggung, penghinaan, dan hegemony. Sebaliknya, perlawanan wanita Muslim terwujud melalui dua cara utama: perlawanan terbuka (public transcript) yang meliputi perlawanan melalui demonstrasi dan cemoohan, dan perlawanan tertutup (hidden transcript) yang meliputi perlawanan melalui bunuh diri dan dialog secara empat mata. Kata Kunci: Dominasi, Resistensi, Sekulerisme, Islam, Feminism Berkerudung, Perdebatan Jilbab Abstract Headscarves controversy still overshadows the life of modern Turkey. In Orhan Pamuk‟s Snow, to modernize the state, the secularist elites implement secularism by unveiling women. It is exercised through banning the headscarves wearing in public buildings, including school, that its executions dominate Muslim women. In reverse, Muslim women, who are represented by the characters named Kadife, Hande, and Teslime, resist the domination to defend their rights upon wearing the headscarves for the sake of practicing their religion, Islam. Grounded upon the findings, this study questions upon (1) how is secularist‟s domination upon Muslim women depicted in Orhan Pamuk‟s Snow? and (2) how do Muslim women show their resistance against secularist‟s domination in Orhan Pamuk‟s Snow? The concepts of domination and resistance are based on the thought of James C. Scott and Daniel Miller. Those concepts are applied together with Antonio Gramsci‟s hegemony and veiled feminism, Cihan Aktas‟ white women‟s movement. To analyze the data, mimetic approach with descriptive analysis method is applied in this study. Lastly, the result of this study shows that the secularist‟s domination manifests itself into five forms: domination through policy-making, threat, onstage play, derogation, and hegemony. Meanwhile, Muslim women‟s resistance manifests itself into two major forms: outward resistance (public transcript), which is practiced through demonstration and insult, and inward resistance (hidden transcript), which is practiced through suicide and vis-à-vis dialogue. Keywords: Domination, Resistance, Secularism, Islam, Veiled Feminism, Headscarves Controversy