UJI PEMATAHAN DORMANSI MENGGUNAKAN ASAM SULFAT BERDASARKAN VIABILITAS DAN VIGOR BENIH PALA (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) - Philia Ch. Latue; Henny L. Rampe; Marhaenus Rumondor (Sam Ratulangi University, 2019)
UJI PEMATAHAN DORMANSI MENGGUNAKAN ASAM SULFAT BERDASARKAN VIABILITAS DAN VIGOR BENIH PALA (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) ABSTRAKTanaman pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) termasuk salah satu tanaman rempah asli Indonesia yang bernilai ekonomis. Daerah penghasil tanaman pala di Indonesia yaitu Maluku, Sulawesi Utara, Sumatra Barat, Aceh, Jawa Barat dan Papua. Salah satu kendala dari tanaman pala yaitu pada perkembangbiakannya, karena memiliki masa dormansi dua bulan yang disebabkan oleh kulit biji (tempurung) yang keras serta menyebabkan viabilitas dan vigor benih menjadi menurun. Salah satu cara mematahkan masa dormansi yaitu dengan pemberian larutan kimia golongan asam kuat seperti asam sulfat, berguna melunakkan kulit biji yang keras dan mempermudah proses imbibisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pematahan dormansi berdasarkan uji viabilitas dan vigor benih serta mendapatkan konsentrasi asam sulfat yang paling baik dalam mematahkan dormansi benih pala. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga kali ulangan. Perlakuan asam sulfat dengan empat konsentrasi yaitu H2SO4 0% (kontrol) (H0), H2SO4 10% (H1), H2SO4 20% (H2) dan H2SO4 30% (H3). Parameter yang diamati adalah viabilitas dan vigor benih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aplikasi asam sulfat berpengaruh nyata terhadap viabilitas benih pala dengan nilai Sig < 0,05 dan mencapai 100% pada 56 HST. Hasil perhitungan vigor benih pala untuk indeks vigor mencapai 8,83 dan koefisien vigor 406.300. Asam sulfat konsentrasi 20% adalah konsentrasi yang paling baik untuk mematahkan masa dormansi benih pala pada 60 HST menjadi 14 HST berdasarkan uji viabilitas dan vigor benih.Kata Kunci : Benih pala, Dormansi, Asam sulfat, Viabiltas, Vigor THE TESTING TO BREAK DORMANT USING SULFURIC ACID BASED ON VIABILITY AND VIGOR OF NUTMEG SEED (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) ABSTRACTThe nutmeg plant (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) is known as one of the original spices found in Indonesia that has economical value. The area where the nutmeg grows in Indonesia is in Maluku, North Sulawesi, West Sumatra, Aceh, West Java, and Papua. One of the obstacles found in the nutmeg is its reproduction cycle, because it has a dormant state of two months that is caused by the thick and hard skin (shell) of the seed that causes the viability and vigor of the seed to decrease. One of the ways to break through the dormant state of the seed is to give it a chemical solution that is categorized as a strong acid such as sulfuric acid, which can soften the hard skin of the seed and easen the imbibition process. This research has the objective to figure out how to bypass the dormant state using seed vigor and viability tests and to obtain the purest concentrated sulfuric acid as well as the way to bypass the dormant state of the nutmeg seed. This research uses the Complete Randomized Design (CRD) three times repeatedly.Dosages using four different concentrations of sulfuric acid which are, H2SO40% (controlled) (H0), H2SO4 10% (H1), H2SO4 20% (H2) and H2SO4 30% (H3). The parameters that are being observed are the viability and vigor of the seed. The results of the experiments show that with the sulfuric acid applied gives real-time seed viability and vigor reactions with the value of Sig < 0.05 and it can reach 100% on the 56 DAP. The results of the calculations show that the vigor of the nutmeg seed reaches an 8.83 vigor index and vigor coefficient of 406.300. With a 20% concentrated sulfuric acid solution is the concentration with the most efficient means of bypassing the dormant state of the nutmeg seed on with the 60 DAP becoming 14 DAP based on the seed viability and vigor test.Keywords : Nutmeg Seed, Dormant, Sulfuric Acid, Viability, Vigor