Hubungan Antara Hasil dan Komponen Hasil Wijen (Sesamum indicum L.) pada Generasi F1 dan F2 Persilangan Sbr2, Sbr3, dan Dt36 - Adikadarsih, Sri; Permata, Siska; Taryono, .; Suyadi, .; Basunanda, Panjisakti (Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat (Balittas), 2015)
Dalam program pemuliaan tanaman wijen, informasi keragaman genetik dan hubungan antarsifat sangat penting untuk menentukan keberhasilan seleksi. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mempelajari keragaman genetik dan hubungan antara komponen hasil dan hasil wijen pada generasi F1 dan F2 persilangan Sbr 2, Sbr 3, dan Dt 36 telah dilaksanakan dari bulan November 2012 sampai dengan Februari 2013 di Padangan, Sitimulyo, Piyungan, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga ulangan. Bahan tanam yang digunakan adalah benih tetua, F1, dan F2 hasil persilangan antara Sbr 3 x Sbr 2, Sbr 3 x Dt 36, Sbr 2 x Dt 36, dan resiproknya. Benih bulk hasil persilangan ditanam secara rapat dalam baris pada petak-petak yang berukuran 4 x 1 m. Pengamatan dilakukan pada parameter tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, jumlah polong, berat polong, berat biji, jumlah ruas, panjang ruas, umur berbunga, umur panen, dan berat 1.000 biji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komponen hasil yang memiliki keragaman genetik besar adalah berat biji per tanaman (68,437%), berat polong (40,532%), jumlah cabang (33,251%), jumlah polong (30,269%), dan tinggi tanaman (21,256%). Nilai heritabilitas yang tinggi terdapat pada tinggi tanaman (65,52%) dan umur panen (55%). Komponen hasil yang memiliki korelasi nyata terhadap hasiladalah jumlah cabang, jumlah polong, berat polong, dan umur berbunga, sedangkan yang berpengaruh langsung terhadap hasil wijen adalah jumlah cabang dan berat polong.Â In sesame breeding program, information about genetic variations and relationships ammongs characters is very important to determine the success of line selection. Studies about correlation between yield and yieldcomponents of F1 and F2 from crosses of Sbr 2, Sbr 3, and Dt 36 was conducted on November 2012 to February 2013 in Padangan, Sitimulyo, Piyungan, Bantul, Yogyakarta. The treatments were arranged in completerandom design (CRD) with three replications. Planting materials used were the seed of parents, F1, and F2 from crossing between Sbr 3 x Sbr 2, Sbr 3 x Dt 36, Sbr 2 x Dt 36, and their reciprocals. Bulk breeding seeds planted in rows in high density to reach maximum populations as the genetic resource in the plots according to its genotypes. The observation was made on plant height, number of branches, number of pods, weight of pods, number of nodes, nodes length, day of flowering, plant maturing age, and 1,000seed weight. The results showed that, components which showed high genetic variation were weight of seeds per plant (68.437%), weight of pods (40.532%), the number of branches (33.251%), number of pods(30.269%), and plant height (21.256%). High heritability values was shown in parameters of plant height (65.52%) and plant maturing age (55%). Yield components which have significant correlation with the yield were number of branches, number of pods, pod weight, and days to flowering, while those have a direct effect on the yield of sesame are the number of branches and pods weight.