PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT LAYU BAKTERI NILAM MENGGUNAKAN PSEUDOMONAD FLUORESEN - NASRUN NASRUN; CHRISTANTI CHRISTANTI; TRIWIDODO ARWIYANTO; IKA MARISKA (Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan, 2005)
ABSTRAKPenelitian pengendalian penyakit layu bakteri nilam (Ralstoniasolanacearum) menggunakan pseudomonad fluoresen di kebun petaninilam Desa Situak Pasaman Barat, Sumatera Barat telah dilakukan padabulan Oktober 2003 sampai dengan Juni 2004. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk mendapatkan pseudomonad fluoresen yang berpotensi untukmengendalikan penyakit layu bakteri, dan meningkatkan pertumbuhandan produksi nilam. Isolat pseudomonad fluoresen Pf 63, Pf 90, Pf 91, Pf147, dan Pf 180 sebagai perlakuan diisolasi dari rizosfer nilam sehat, dandiseleksi berdasarkan kemampuan antagonistik terhadap R.solanacearum secara in vitro di Laboratorium Bakteriologi TumbuhanFakultas Pertanian UGM. Isolat pseudomonad fluoresen tersebutdiintroduksikan ke nilam dan diadaptasikan selama 1 minggu sebelumditanam. Tanaman yang telah diperlakukan dengan isolat pseudomonadfluoresen ditanam pada kebun yang telah terinfeksi dengan patogen padabulan Oktober 2003. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok(RAK) dengan 6 ulangan. Parameter pengamatan adalah masa inkubasi,intensitas penyakit, pertumbuhan tanaman dan produksi minyak nilam.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat pseudomonad fluoresendapat mengendalikan penyakit layu bakteri dengan perpanjangan masainkubasi 6-52 hari dan penekanan intensitas penyakit 31,11 – 50,56%.Disamping itu isolat pseudomonad fluoresen dapat mempengaruhipeningkatan pertumbuhan tanaman yaitu tinggi tanaman (6,7 – 26,3 cm),jumlah daun (4,6 – 30,1 daun/tanaman) dan berat kering daun (24,5 –154,3 g/tanaman), dan produksi minyak nilam terutama jumlah minyak(4,8 – 22,3 ml/tanaman). Hasil percobaan ini menunjukkan bahwa isolatPf 91 mempunyai kemampuan antagonistik tertinggi dalam mengen-dalikan penyakit layu bakteri di lapangan.Kata kunci : Nilam, Pogostemon cablin Benth, penyakit layu, bakteri,pengendalian hayati, pseudomonad fluoresenABSTRACTControlling bacterial wilt disease on patchouli plant withfluorescent pseudomonadThe study of controlling bacterial wilt disease on patchouli plant(Ralstonia solanacearum) with fluorescent pseudomonad was carried outin a farmer’s field in Situak Village West Pasaman, West Sumatera fromOctober 2003 to June 2004. The aims of the study were to find out theeffectiveness of fluorescent pseudomonad for controlling bacterial wiltdisease, increasing plant growth and production. Isolates of fluorescentpseudomonad Pf 63, Pf 90, Pf 91, Pf 147 and Pf 180 as treatments wereisolated from the rhizosphere of healthy patchouli plant, and selectedbased on antagonistic activity on R. solanacearum in vitro at theLaboratory of Plant Bacteriology, Faculty of Agriculture, UGM. Theisolates were inoculated on patchouli plant and adapted for one weekbefore planting. The plants treated with fluorescent pseudomonadisolates were planted in the field infected with pathogen on October2003. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design(RBD) with six replications. The assessment parameters were incubationperiod, disease intensity, plant growth and production of patchouli plants.The results showed that fluorescent pseudomonad isolates could controlthe bacterial wilt disease and delay the incubation period 6-52 days anddecrease the disease intensity 31,11–50,56%. In addition fluorescentpseudomonad isolates could affect the increase of plant growth, i.e. plantheight ( 6,7 – 26,3 cm ), leaf numbers (4,6 – 30,1 leaves/plant) and dryweight of leaves (24,5 – 154,3 g/plant), and plant production, especiallyoil content (4,8 – 22,3 ml/plant). The results of the experiment showedthat Pf 91 isolate had the highest antagonistic activity on controlling thebacterial wilt disease on field.Key words : Patchouli, Pogostemon cablin Benth, wilt disease,bacterial, biological control, fluorescent pseudomonad