EFISIENSI PENGENDALIAN PENGGEREK BUAH KAPAS Helicoverpa armigera HÜBNER DENGAN SERBUK BIJI MIMBA DAN NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS - I G.A.A. INDRAYANI; DWI WINARNO; TEGER BASUKI BASUKI (Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan, 2006)
ABSTRAKPengendalian hama non-kimiawi semakin meningkat sehinggamengurangi penggunaan insektisida kimia. Alternatif pengendalian hamamenggunakan pestisida botani dan agensia mikrobia cukup efektifmengendalikan penggerek buah kapas H. armigera. Penelitian efisiensipengendalian penggerek buah kapas H. armigera dengan SBM dan NPVdilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau danSerat di Asembagus, Situbondo, Jawa Timur mulai Januari hinggaDesember 2003. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat efisiensipengendalian penggerek buah kapas H. armigera terutama dengankombinasi SBM dan NPV. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah: (1)SBM(LC 25 )+NPV(LC 50 ), (2) SBM(LC 50 )+NPV(LC 50 ), (3) SBM (dosisrekomendasi), (4) NPV (dosis rekomendasi), (5) betasiflutrin (dosisrekomendasi), dan (6) kontrol (tanpa perlakuan). Setiap perlakuan disusundalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan tiga ulangan. Parameteryang diamati meliputi populasi ulat H. armigera dan komplekspredatornya, frekuensi penyemprotan masing-masing perlakuan, kerusakankuncup bunga dan buah kapas, biaya pengendalian hama, pendapatan,marginal rate of return (MRR), dan hasil kapas serta kacang hijau. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengendalian H. armigera dengankombinasi perlakuan SBM(LC 50 )+NPV(LC 50 ) lebih efisien menurunkanbiaya pengendalian hama hingga 63,4% dan meningkatkan pendapatansebesar 32,7% dibanding insektisida kimia betasiflutrin, dengan nilai MRR4,66 dan 4,28 masing-masing atas kontrol dan insektisida kimia.Kata kunci: Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum, hama, penggerek buah,Helicoverpa armigera, SBM, NPV, pengendalian hama,marginal rate of return, Jawa TimurABSTRACTEfficiency in cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera Hübner controlusing neem seed powder and nuclear polyhedrosis virusInsect pest biological control potentially decreases the use ofchemical insecticides. The alternative control method chosen wascombination of botanical and microbial agents that showed highereffectiveness against H. armigera. This control method might alsopotential to minimize the use of chemical pesticide on cotton. Study onefficiency of cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera Hübner control usingneem seed powder (NSP) and nuclear polyhedrosis virus was conducted atAsembagus Experimental Station of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber CropsResearch Institute, Situbondo, East Java, from January to December 2003.The objective of this study was to find out the efficiency level of cottonbollworm control using combination of neem seed powder (NSP) andnuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV). The treatments were : (1) NSP(LC 25 ) +NPV(LC 50 ), (2) NSP(LC 50 ) + NPV(LC 50 ), (3) NSP (recommended dose),(4) NPV (recommended dose), (5) betacyfluthrin (recommended dose),and (6) control (untreated). The treatments were arranged in a randomizedblock design with three replications. Parameters observed were populationof H. armigera larvae and its complex predators, frequency of spraying,square and boll damage, cost of control, net income, marginal rate ofreturn, and yield of seed cotton and mungbean. The research resultsshowed that the combination of NSP(LC 50 )+NPV(LC 50 ) effectivelyreduced the total cost of insect control by 63.4% and increased the increase32.7% compared to betacyfluthrin. The combination also showed thehighest marginal rate of return of 4.66 and 4.28 based on control andbetacyfluthrin, respectively.Key words: Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, insect, cotton bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera, NSP, NPV, insect control, marginalrate of return, East Java