PENGARUH UMUR PANEN TERHADAP VIABILITAS BENIH SERTA HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PRODUKSI TERNA SAMBILOTO (Andrographis paniculata Nees - DEVI RUSMIN; MELATI, S MELATI, S; WAHYUNI WAHYUN; SUKARMAN SUKARMAN (Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan, 2007)
ABSTRAKSalah satu faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap viabilitas benihsambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees) adalah waktu panen.Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan tujuanuntuk mengetahui pengaruh umur panen terhadap viabilitas benih sertahubungannya dengan produksi terna sambiloto. Percobaan dilakukan diKP. Cimanggu dan Laboratorium, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat danAromatik, dari Maret 2005 – Maret 2006. Percobaan disusun dalamrancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 10 perlakuan stadia umurpanen dan 4 ulangan. Stadia umur panen yang diuji yaitu 18, 21, 22, 23,24, 25, 26, 27, 28, dan 29 hari setelah antesis (HSA). Variabel yangdiamati yaitu mutu benih (daya berkecambah benih, kecepatanberkecambah), pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang),serta produksi terna (bobot basah tanaman, bobot kering daun, dan bobotkering batang). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Umur panenbenih berpengaruh terhadap daya berkecambah benih dan kecepatanberkecambah benih sambiloto; daya berkecambah dan kecepatanberkecambah tertinggi didapatkan pada umur panen benih 22 dan 21 HSA(67,00 dan 55,00)%; sedangkan daya berkecambah yang terendahdiperoleh pada umur panen 18 HSA (23,50)%, (2) Umur panen benihberpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman dan jumlah cabang pada tanamanumur 1 bulan. Tinggi tanaman dan jumlah cabang tertinggi berturut-turutdidapatkan pada perlakuan umur panen benih 27 dan 26 HSA (39, 63dan 36,58 cm serta 16,71 dan 16,61 buah); dan (3) Umur panen benihberpengaruh terhadap produksi terna (bobot basah tanaman, bobot keringdaun, bobot kering batang) pada umur 3 bulan. Bobot basah tanaman,bobot kering daun, serta bobot kering batang tertinggi didapatkan padaperlakuan umur panen benih 27 HSA (291,25, 28, 27 dan 28,86)g. Bobotbasah tanaman, bobot kering daun, serta bobot kering batang terendahdidapatkan pada perlakuan 18 HSA (217,09, 22,10 dan 20,24)g. Umurpanen benih tidak berpengaruh terhadap jumlah cabang pada umur 3bulan.Kata kunci : Sambiloto, Andrographis paniculata Nees, umur panen,viabilitas, produksi, Jawa BaratABSTRACTThe influence of harvesting time on the seed viability andthe relationship with herb yield of king bitter(Andrographis paniculata Nees)One of the main factors influencing the viability of king bitter(Andrographis paniculata Nees) is appropriate harvesting time. Based onthis problem a research was conducted to study the relationship betweenseed maturity and seed viability, and herb yield of king bitter. The researchwas conducted at Cimanggu Experimental Station and in the laboratory ofIndonesian Medicinal and Aromatic Crops Research Institute (IMACRI)from March 2005 to March 2006. The experiment was arranged in arandomized block design with 10 seed maturity stages and 4 replications.Maturity seed tested was 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 and 29 daysafter anthesis. The observations were made on seed quality (percentage ofseed germination, and rate of seed germination), plant growth (plantheight, number of branches) and herb yield (fresh herb weight, leaf dryweight, and stem dry weight). The results of experiment indicated that (1)seed maturity affected seed germination, and rate of seed germination ofking bitter; the highest seed germination and germination rate wereachieved by seeds harvested at 21 and 22 days after anthesis, (2) stage ofseed harvesting affected on the plant height and number of branches at 1month after planting. The highest plant height and number of brancheswere found on the treatments of seeds harvested at 26 and 27 days afteranthesis, they were 39.63 and 36.58 cm and 16.71 and 16.61; (3) seedmaturity also affected herb production, such as wet weight of plants, dryweight of leaf and dry weight of steam at 3 moths after planting. Wetweight of plant, dry weight of leaf and dry weight of stem were achievedat the treatments of seeds harvested at 27 days after anthesis, they were291.25, 28.27 and 28.86 g. The lowest of wet of plant weight, dry weightof leaf and dry weight of stem were found on the seeds harvested at 18days after anthesis. They were 217.09, 22.10 and 20.24 g. Moreover, thestage of harvesting did not influence the number of branches at 3 monthsafter planting.Key words: King bitter, Andrographis paniculata Nees, seed maturity,viability, production, West Java