BUDIDAYA TANAMAN KOPI UNTUK ADAPTASI DAN MITIGASI PERUBAHAN IKLIM - SUPRIADI, HANDI (Puslitbang Perkebunan, 2014)
ABSTRAKPerubahan iklim yang ditandai dengan berubahnya musim dan pola hujan, meningkatnya intensitas anomali iklim ElNino dan LaNina serta meningkatnya suhu udara mengakibatkan kerusakan pada tanaman kopi, sehingga produksi menurun. Akibat ELNino terjadi bulan kering (curah hujan di bawah 60 mm per bulan) yang berkepanjangan mengakibatkan produksi kopi menurun sebesar 34 79%, begitu juga bulan basah (curah hujan di atas 100 mm per bulan) yang merata sepanjang tahun akibat LaNina mengakibatkan produksi kopi menurun 98,5%. Bulan kering yang berkepanjangan (di atas 3 bulan) akibat dari kejadian ElNino menyebabkan kualitas biji kopi menurun. Setiap kenaikan suhu 1C, maka akan menurunkan produksi biji kopi sebesar 30,04%. Namun suhu udara yang sangat rendah (3 0 sampai 5 C) dapat mematikan daun kopi. Upaya untuk mengatasi perubahan iklim pada tanaman kopi dapat dilakukan melalui penerapan teknologi budidaya yang bersifat adaptif dan mitigatif terhadap perubahan iklim yaitu penerapan tanpa olah tanah, penggunaan mulsa, pembuatan rorak, penanaman dan peramajaan kopi dengan bahan tanam unggul, penanaman penaung, pemangkasan, penanaman tanaman penutup tanah, penggunaan pupuk organik, pembuatan embung, irigasi dan sistem drainase.Kata kunci: Tanaman kopi, perubahan iklim, dampak, mengatasi, budidaya Cultivation of Coffee plant for Adaptation and Mitigation of Climate ChangeABSTRACTClimate change marked by the shift in rainfall patterns and season as well as, increasing intensity of climate anomaly ElNino and LaNina and the rising temperatures are causing damage to the coffee plant so that production is declining. As a result of the ELNino occurs Months dry (rainfall below 60 mm per month) prolonged resulted in coffee production declined by 34 79%, as well as in wet (rainfall above 100 mm per month) are evenly distributed throughout the year due to the La Nina in production of coffee dropped 98,5%. Besides the dry months of prolonged (over 3 months) as a result of the ElNino events lead to decreased quality of coffee beans. Every 1 0 c temperature rise then it will lose production of coffee beans by 30,04%. However at very low temperatures (3 to5 0 c) can turn off coffee leaves. Efforts to address climate change on coffee plants can be done through the application of cultivation technology both are adaptation as well as mitigation to climate change, namely the application of notillage, mulching, making rorak, planting and rejuvenating coffee with superior planting material, shade tree planting, pruning, feeding ground cover plants, fertilizing the organic fertilizers, the making of dam, irrigation and drinase system.Keyword : Coffea sp., climate change, impact, overcome, cultivation