POTENSI GASTROPROTEKTIF EKSTRAK BUNGA CENGKIH (Syzygium aromaticum): ANTIULKUS LAMBUNG, ANTIOKSIDAN, ANTIINFLAMASI, DAN ANTIMIKROBA - Juven Luvianto; Ni Made Linawati; I Gusti Kamasan Nyoman Arijana; I Wayan Sugiritama (Kelompok Ilmiah Hippocrates Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana, 2024)
Pendahuluan: Cengkih (Syzygium aromaticum) merupakan salah satu tanaman asli yang berasal dari Indonesia. Kandungan utama bunga cengkih adalah eugenol, ?-kariofilen, dan eugenol asetat. Gangguan pada sistem pencernaan atau gastrointestinal merupakan gejala ataupun penyakit yang menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan pada penderitanya, misalnya dispepsia, gastritis, maag, infeksi, konstipasi, perdarahan, ulkus lambung, dan penyakit degeneratif kronis yang dapat disebabkan oleh obat-obatan, minuman beralkolhol, merokok, makanan asam atau lemak tinggi, dan malnutrisi. Pembahasan: Aktivitas antiuklus lambung ekstrak bunga cengkih melalui peningkatan faktor protektif lambung seperti sintesis mukus lambung, bikarbonat, regulasi aliran darah mukosa lambung, serta menghibisi asam lambung. Ekstrak bunga cengkih juga berperan sebagai antioksidan dan antiinflamasi dengan mengurangi sitokin proinflamasi, misalnya IL-1?, IL-6, TNF-?, nitrogen oksida, NF-?B dan meningkatkan antioksidan seluler seperti P450 reduktase, superoksida dismutase, katalase, glutathion peroksida, gluthation, dan thiol non-protein. Aktivitas antimikroba ekstrak bunga cengkih meliputi antibakteri, antivirus, antifungi, dan antiprotozoa. Simpulan: Ekstrak bunga cengkih memiliki berbagai aktivitas biologis, seperti antiulkus lambung, antibakteri, antifungi, antiinflamasi, dan antioksidan. Introduction: Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) is one of Indonesia’s native plant. The main components of clove bud are eugenol, ?-caryophyllene, dan eugenol acetate. Gastrointestinal symptoms or disease can lead to patient feeling uncomfortable. For examples dyspepsia, gastritis, infection, constipation, bleeding, gastric ulcer, and chronic degenerative disease that may be caused by drugs, alcohol, smoking, acidic or fatty foods, and malnutrition. Discussion: Clove bud extract has a lot of biological activities such as, antiulcer, antibacterial, antifungal, antiinflammation, and antioxidant. The methods used for this literature review are from 41 journals and electronic databases search. The antiulcer component of clove bud extract works by increasing the gastric protective factor, such as synthetizing gastric mucous, bicarbonate, regulating gastric mucosal blood flow, and inhibiting gastric acid. Clove bud extract also plays a role as antioxidant and antiinflammation by reducing cytokines proinflammation like IL-1?, IL-6, TNF-?, nitrite oxide, NF-?B and enhancing cellular antioxidant, for example P450 reductase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, thiol non-protein. The microbial activity of clove bud extract includes antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antiprotozoal. Conclusion: Clove bud extract has several biological activity, such as antiulcer, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, antiinflammation, and antioxidant.