Potensi Bahan Alam Penghambat Enzim Tirosinase sebagai Pemutih Kulit dalam Bentuk Sediaan Krim Kosmetika - Imola Septhialika Mardhatilla; Dina Mulyanti; Hanifa Rahma (UNISBA Press, 2024)
Abstract. Whitening cream is a cosmetic preparation that is used on the surface of the skin to change the skin color to be white and bright from the original skin. Researchers developed cosmetics derived from natural ingredients that are considered to have few side effects. This study was carried out using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with the aim of finding out natural ingredients that can produce whitening effects. The results of the study showed that castor tint sap had a very strong affinity in inhibiting the activity of the tyrosinase enzyme, with a value of 39.37 nm. In honey extract and tea extract, IC50 values were obtained above 1000 μg/ml so that it was very weak in inhibiting the activity of the tyrosinase enzyme. Cashew leaf extract showed tyrosinase inhibition activity at a concentration of 0.100 mg/mL. Then in 25 plants in Mpumalanga province, South Africa, an IC50 of 200 μg/ml was obtained. Kenaf leaf extract is effective in inhibiting the activity of tyrosinase enzymes, both at the monophenolase stage (30.28 ± 3.90%) and diphenolase (11.40 ± 0.29%). In S. siliquosum, it was obtained (IC50: 65.0 μg equivalent of gallic acid per ml). Then three types of brown seaweed (Sargassum) were obtained with a value of 64.72 ± 0.46%. Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum plants, Clausena anisata, Chenopodium album L., and Cassipourea flanaganii, obtained IC50 values between 1.42 and 1.55 μg/mL. And corn cob extract obtained an IC50 value of 12.45 μg/mL. Abstrak. Krim pemutih merupakan sediaan kosmetika yang digunakan pada permukaan kulit untuk mengubah warna kulit menjadi putih dan cerah dari kulit aslinya. Peneliti mengembangkan kosmetika berasal dari bahan alam yang dianggap memiliki efek samping yang sedikit. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) bertujuan untuk mengetahui bahan alam yang dapat menghasilkan efek memutihkan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa getah jarak tintir memiliki afinitas sangat kuat dalam menghambat aktivitas enzim tirosinase, dengan nilai 39,37 nm. Pada ekstrak madu dan ekstrak teh didapatkan nilai IC50 di atas 1000 μg/ml sehingga sangat lemah dalam menghambat aktivitas enzim tirosinase. Ekstrak daun jambu mete menunjukkan aktivitas penghambatan tirosinase pada konsentrasi 0,100 mg/mL. Lalu pada 25 tanaman di provinsi Mpumalanga, Afrika Selatan didapatkan IC50 yaitu 200 μg/ml. Ekstrak daun kenaf efektif dalam menghambat aktivitas enzim tirosinase, baik pada tahap monofenolase (30,28 ± 3,90%) maupun difenolase (11,40 ± 0,29%). Pada S. siliquosum didapatkan (IC50 65,0 μg setara asam galat per ml). Lalu tiga jenis rumput laut coklat (Sargassum) didapatkan nilai 64,72 ± 0,46%. Tumbuhan Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum, Clausena anisata, Chenopodium album L., dan Cassipourea flanaganii, didapatkan nilai IC50 antara 1,42 dan 1,55 μg/mL. Serta ekstrak tongkol jagung didapatkan nilai IC50 12,45 μg/mL.