Potret Penyakit Hipertensi dan Diabetes Melitus pada Usia Lanjut: Studi Potong Lintang di Kota Yogyakarta: Portrait of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus Diseases in the Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Study in Yogyakarta City - Trisnowati, Heni; Gustina, Erni; Aziizah, Aabidah Ummu; Naini, Rohmatus; Andriyani Pratamawati, Diana; Utami Kartika (UNIVERSITAS NGUDI WALUYO, 2024)
The number of elderly people in Yogyakarta continues to increase but the problems of old age are increasingly complex such as increasing chronic diseases, decreased physical, mental, and cognitive functions. Comprehensive elderly health care is increasingly needed. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of hypertension and diabetes mellitus and their risk factors in the elderly. This study uses quantitative methods with a cross sectional design. The research sample was representatives of the elderly in Yogyakarta City who were members of the Muhammadiyah Branch Leadership of Yogyakarta City. The sampling technique was done purposively and obtained 21 people. Risk factors for hypertension and diabetes mellitus were measured using a structured questionnaire. Height, weight, blood pressure, blood sugar levels were measured directly by the nurse. Respondents who had a history of hypertension were 47.6% and respondents who had diabetes millitus were 14.3%. Men have a higher percentage of hypertension and diabetes mellitus than women. Physical activity, BMI, and smoking behavior have almost the same percentage to experience hypertension and DM. Fruit and vegetable eating patterns of respondents who were < 3 times had a higher percentage to experience hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Men have a higher percentage of hypertension and diabetes mellitus than women. Health promotion efforts on behavior change in the community need to be done so that risk factors change into protective factors. ABSTRAK Jumlah usia lanjut di Yogyakarta terus mengalami peningkatan namun permasalahan usia lanjut semakin komplek seperti meningkatnya penyakit kronis, penurunan fungsi fisik, mental, dan kognitif. Perawatan kesehatan kesehatan lansia yang bersifat komprehensif semakin diperlukan. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran penyakit hipertensi dan diabetes melitus serta faktor risikonya pada lansia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah perwakilan lansia di Kota Yogyakarta yang tergabung dalam Pimpinan Cabang Muhammadiyah Kota Yogyakarta. Teknik sampling dilakukan secara purposive dan diperoleh 21 orang. Faktor risiko penyakit hipertensi dan diabetes melitus diukur menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Tinggi badang, berat badan, tekanan darah, kadar gula darah dilakukan pengukuran langsung oleh perawat. Responden yang memiliki riwayat hipertensi sebesar 47,6% dan responden yang memiliki diabetes millitus sebesar 14,3%. Laki-laki memiliki persentase lebih tinggi untuk mengalami hipertensi dan diabetes melitus dibandingkan perempuan. Aktivitas fisik, IMT, dan perilaku merokok memiliki persentase yang hampir sama untuk mengalami hipertensi dan DM. Pola makan buah dan sayur responden yang < 3 kali memiliki persentasae lebih tinggi untuk mengalami hipertensi dan diabetes melitus. Laki-laki memiliki persentase lebih tinggi untuk mengalami hipertensi dan diabetes melitus dibandingkan perempuan. Upaya promosi kesehatan tentang perubahan perilaku dimasyarakat perlu dilakukan agar faktor risiko berubah menjadi faktor protektif.