MINYAK SERAI (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf) HASIL ENFLEURASI DAN APLIKASINYA DALAM PEMBUATAN SABUN ANTIBAKTERI DARI VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) - Oktavia, Fadilla; Ratnayani, Oka; Suaniti, Ni Made (Graduate Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA, 2023)
ABSTRAK: Minyak serai dapur (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf) merupakan salah satu minyak atsiri bersifat antibakteri yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Pada pembuatan sabun padat, minyak serai dapur dapat meningkatkan sifat antibakteri pada sabun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui karakteristik (bobot jenis dan indeks bias) dari minyak serai yang diekstraksi dengan metode enfluerensi, mutu sabun yang dihasilkan dengan penambahan minyak serai, serta aktivitas antibakteri sabun minyak serai. Sabun padat dibuat dengan 5 macam formula, masing-masing dengan konsentrasi minyak serai dapur yang berbeda yaitu 0, 1, 2, 3, dan 4 g per 200 g sediaan sabun. Sabun padat minyak serai kemudian diuji kualitas dan sifat antibakterinya. Minyak serai yang dihasilkan dari metode enfleurasi memiliki bau yang khas, berwarna kekuningan dan dengan rendemen sebesar 13,43%, bobot jenis sebesar 0,9209 g/mL, dan nilai indeks bias sebesar 1,459. Sabun yang dihasilkan memiliki kadar air berkisar 1,75-4,25%; kadar alkali bebas berkisar 0,08-0,10%; kadar asam lemak berkisar 0,10-0,17%; pH sabun berkisar 10,2-10,7; serta kandungan minyak mineralnya negatif, yang sesuai dengan SNI 06-3532-1994. Selain itu, sabun minyak serai memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap E. coli pada sabun tanpa dan dengan penambahan minyak serai masing-masing adalah 11,30 mm dan 11,68-12,08 mm, sedangkan aktivtas antibakteri terhadap S. aureus masing-masing adalah 11,69 mm dan 13,87-14,53 mm. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sabun dengan penambahan minyak serai dapur mempunyai sifat antibakteri yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan sabun tanpa penambahan minyak serai. ABSTRACT: Lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf) is one of the essential oils with antibacterial properties that can inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Starhylococcus aureus bacteria. In the manufacture of solid soap, lemongrass oil can increase the antibacterial properties of the soap. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics (specific gravity and refractive index) of the lemongrass oil extracted by using enfleurage method, the quality of the soap added with the lemongrass oil, as well as the antibacterial activity of the lemongrass soap produced. The solid soap were prepared with five formulas of different concentrations of lemongrass oil, namely 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 g per 200 g preparation. The enfleurage process resulted in lemongrass oil with yellowish color and had a distinctive odor with a yield of 13.43%, specific gravity of 0.9209 g/mL, and the refractive index value of 1.459. The resulting solid soap with the addition of lemongrass oil was tested for its quality and antibacterial properties. The soap produced had the water content ranged from 1.75 to 4.25%; alkaline level from 0.08 to 0.10%; fatty acid content from 0.10 to 0.17%; the pH from 10.2 to 10.7; and the mineral oil content was negative, in accordance with the national standard of SNI 06-3532-1994. Furthermore, the soap with the addition of lemongrass oil had an antibacterial activity against E. coli for the soap without and with the addition lemongrass oil was 11.30 mm and 11.68-12.08 mm, respectively, while the antibacterial activity against S. aerus was 11.69 mm and 13.87-14.53 mm, respectively. The results showed that the soap with the addition of lemongrass oil had higher antibacterial properties than the soap without the addition of lemongrass oil.