Penetapan Rekomendasi Pemupukan N, P, dan K Tanaman Duku Berdasarkan Analisis Daun - Desi Hernita; Rhoedy Poerwanto; Anas D Susila; S Anwar (Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development, 2012)
Duku mempunyai perakaran yang dalam, sehingga sulit untuk memperoleh sampel tanah yang representatif pada daerah tersebut, sehingga lebih tepat menggunakan analisis daun. Status hara daun merupakan gambaran status hara aktual dalam tanah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menentukan kategori status hara N, P, dan K, serta rekomendasi pemupukan optimum berdasarkan status hara tersebut pada tanaman duku. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Kumpeh Ulu, Kabupaten Muaro, Jambi pada Bulan Desember 2008 sampai dengan April 2012. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan acak kelompok dengan lima ulangan. Perlakuan dosis pupuk N (0, 400, 800, 1.200, dan 1.600 g N) , P (0, 500, 1.000, 1.500, dan 2.000 g P2O5), K (0,600, 1.200, 1.800, dan 2.400 g K2O/tanaman/tahun). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status hara N sangat rendah (< 1,81%), rendah (1,81 ≤ N < 2,82%), dan sedang (≥ 2,82%), status hara P sangat rendah (< 0,09%), rendah (0,09 ≤ P < 0,17%), dan sedang (≥ 0,17%), serta status hara K sangat rendah (< 1,16%), rendah (1,16 ≤ K < 2,19%), dan sedang (≥ 2,19%). Rekomendasi pemupukan pada tanaman duku untuk status hara sangat rendah yaitu 858 g N, 1.770 g P2O5, dan 1.900 g K2O/tanaman/tahun, untuk status hara rendah, 588 g N, 1.335 g P2O5, dan 1.107 g K2O/tanaman/tahun, sedangkan berdasarkan pendekatan multinutrien 920 g N, 1.565 g P2O5, dan 1.488 g K2O/tanaman/tahun (biaya produksi terendah). Rekomendasi pemupukan N, P, dan K berdasarkan analisis daun dapat diterapkan pada pertanaman duku di Indonesia dan meningkatkan produksi serta kualitas buah duku. Duku has been deep roots making it difficult to obtain a representative sample of soil at the root zone, so the more appropriate used of leaf analysis. Leaf nutrient status was picture of the actual nutrient status of the soil. The aimed of this study was to determine leaf N, P, K level category and recommendation study determine the optimum fertilizer rate for each nutrient level category on duku plant. The experiment was conducted at Kumpeh Ulu District, Muaro Jambi Regency, in Jambi Province, from December 2008 to April 2012. Each treatments were arranged in randomized block design with five replications. The treatments were N (0, 400, 800, 1,200, 1,600 g N/plant/year), P (0, 500, 1,000, 1,500, 2,000 g P2O5/plant/year), and K (0, 600, 1,200, 1,800, 2,400 g K2O/plant/year). The results showed that leaf nutrient status of N was very low (< 1.81%), low (1.81 ≤ N < 2.82%), and medium (≥ 2.82%), status of P was very low (< 0.09%), low (0.09 ≤ P < 0.17%), and medium (≥ 0.17%); status of K was very low (< 1.16%), low (1.16 ≤ K < 2.19%), and medium (≥ 2.19%). Fertilizer recommendation rate on duku plant for very low nutrient status were 858 g N, 1,770 g P2O5, and 1,900 g K2O/plant/year, low nutrient status were 588 g N, 1,335 g P2O5, and 1,107 g K2O/plant/year, multinutrient approach were 920 g N, 1,565 g P2O5, dan 1,488 g K2O/plant/year (lower production cost). Recommendation of fertilizer N, P, and K based on leaves analysis can be applied on duku in Indonesia and increase production and fruit quality of duku.