Pengendalian Layu Fusarium Menggunakan Mikrobe Antagonis dan Tanaman Resisten pada Lili - Wakiah Nuryani; Evi Silfia Yusuf; - Hanudin; Ika Djatnika; Budi Marwoto (Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development, 2011)
Lili merupakan tanaman hias penting dan bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Budidaya lili di Indonesia menghadapi kendala utama yaitu penyakit layu Fusarium. Aplikasi bahan kimia sintetik untuk mengendalikan penyakit ini berdampak negatif terhadap kerusakan lingkungan. Aplikasi organisme antagonis dan kultivar resisten merupakan alternatif pengendalian penyakit ramah lingkungan, berdampak positif terhadap kelestariannya, dan meningkatkan produktivitas lili. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi mikrobe antagonis, mikrobe nonpatogenik, dan klon lili yang dapat menekan penyakit layu Fusarium. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Biokontrol dan Rumah Sere, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember 2007. Tata letak percobaan disusun berdasarkan rancangan acak kelompok pola faktorial denga tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama ialah klon lili yang terdiri dari klon No.1, No 2, No.3 (tahan), dan No.4 (rentan). Faktor kedua ialah perlakuan mikrobe antagonis (1) Gliocladium sp. 107 spora/ml, (2). Trichoderma sp. 107 sel/ml, (3) Fusarium a virulen 107 spora/ml dan, (4) kontrol (tanpa mikrobe antagonis). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan mikrobe antagonis Gliocladium sp. dan klon resisten paling efektif mengendalikan penyakit busuk umbi Fusarium pada lili. Hal ini dibuktikan dari persentase tanaman layu pada perlakuan aplikasi mikrobe dan penggunaan tanaman resistant dibandingkan dengan tanpa perlakuan. Penanaman tanaman resisten diikuti dengan aplikasi Gliocladium paling efektif menekan layu Fusarium dibanding perlakuan lainnya.Lilium is one of the most important and the heigest economic value of cut flower in Indonesia. Cultivation of Lilium faces major constrain, that is wilt disease caused by Fusarium. Application of synthetic chemicals to control the diseases is not recommended, because its impact is dangerous for environment and human life. Therefore other control measures that are move environmentally friendly and more effective/efficient have to applied. The use of antagonistic microbes and resistance varieties are the most promising control measures to be recommended in the field. The study was aimed to find out of antagonist and nonpathogenic microbes and plant resistant that were effective to control Fusarium bulb rot on lili. The experiment was conducted at Laboratory and Glasshouse of Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute (1,100 m asl.) on January to December 2007. Factorial experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was Lilium clones i.e. No.1, No. 2, No. 3 (resistant), and No. 4 (susceptible clone as control). The second factor was antagonism microbes i.e. (1) Gliocladium sp. 107 spora/ml, (2). 107 Trichoderma sp. cel/ml, (3) Fusarium nonpathogenic 107 spora/ml, and (4) control (tap water without antagonist microbe). The results indicated that the use of Gliocladium sp. and resistant clone of Lilium i.e. clone No.3 was effective to control Fusarium bulb rot of Lilium. This proven from lower percentage of disease occurance on the treatment of antagonistics microbes and resistance varieties compared both to those of without treatment (control). The use of resistance plant followed by application of Gliocladium was known to be most effective to control fusarial wilt disease compared to the other treatment combinations.