Pengaruh mengonsumsi teh daun kelor (moringa oleifera lam) terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah dan kadar kolesterol pada individu obesitas - Irwandi, Irwandi; Suhita, Byba Melda; Kusumawati, Prima Dewi (Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati, 2024)
Background: Obesity is often associated with metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), hypercholesterolemia, and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. The use of pharmacotherapy drugs is often used, but can cause side effects. Alternative therapies are needed using traditional medicinal plants. Moringa leaves have great potential as a source of nutrition, natural medicine, cosmetic industry, and environmental improvement. Moringa leaf extract (Moringa oleifera) has antihyperglycemic activity by inhibiting the glucosidase enzyme found in the small intestine which causes a decrease in the rate of carbohydrate digestion into monosaccharides that can be absorbed by the small intestine, thereby reducing postprandial hyperglycemia. Purpose: To know effectiveness of consuming Moringa leaf tea reduces blood glucose and cholesterol levels in obese individuals. Method: Quantitative research using a non-equivalent control group experimental design. The study was conducted on participants with diabetes mellitus and obesity at the Lunyuk District Health Center, Sumbawa Regency, West Nusa Tenggara, which was carried out on December 13-26, 2023. The independent variable in this study was the provision of moringa leaf tea, while the dependent variables were blood glucose levels and cholesterol levels in obese individuals. The sampling technique used purposive sampling and the Slovin formula, obtained 100 participants who were divided into two groups, namely 50 participants in the intervention group and 50 participants in the control group. The intervention group was consuming moringa leaf tea and the control group that was not consuming moringa leaf tea was carried out for ten days. Statistical tests for univariate and bivariate data analysis used paired t-tests. Results: Consuming moringa leaf tea can reduce blood glucose levels. In the intervention group, blood glucose levels decreased from an average of 385.86 mg/dL at pre-test to 362.4 mg/dL at post-test. In the control group, there was an increase from 374.4 mg/dL at pre-test to 376.04 mg/dL at post-test. Consuming moringa leaf tea can reduce cholesterol levels. In the intervention group, average cholesterol levels decreased from 275.6 mg/dL to 261.58 mg/dL after consuming moringa leaf tea for ten days. In the control group, there was an increase from 268.22 mg/dL to 277.14 mg/dL. Conclusion: Consuming Moringa leaf tea has the potential as an additional therapy in the management of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia. Suggestion: There is a need to increase education and socialization to the public regarding the benefits of Moringa leaf tea consumption, especially for people with diabetes mellitus and obesity through health campaigns using various media to increase awareness and understanding. Keywords: Blood Glucose Levels; Cholesterol Levels; Moringa Leaf Tea; Obesity. Pendahuluan: Obesitas sering terkait dengan penyakit metabolik seperti diabetes mellitus (DM) tipe 2, hiperkolesterolemia, dan meningkatkan risiko terhadap penyakit kardiovaskular. Penggunaan obat farmakoterapi sering digunakan, namun dapat menimbulkan efek samping. Diperlukan alternatif terapi dengan menggunakan tanaman obat tradisional. Daun kelor berpotensi besar sebagai sumber nutrisi, pengobatan alami, industri kosmetik, dan perbaikan lingkungan. Ekstrak daun moringa oleifera memiliki aktivitas anti-hiperglikemik dengan menghambat enzim glukosidase yang terdapat pada usus halus yang menyebabkan penurunan laju pencernaan karbohidrat menjadi monosakarida yang dapat diserap usus halus, sehingga menurunkan hiperglikemia postprandrial. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh mengonsumsi teh daun kelor terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah dan kolesterol pada individu obesitas. Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan desain eksperimen non-equivalent control group. Penelitian dilakukan pada partisipan yang mempunyai diabetes mellitus dan obesitas di Puskesmas Kecamatan Lunyuk, Kabupaten Sumbawa, Nusa Tenggara Barat, dilaksanakan pada 13-26 Desember 2023. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah mengonsumsi teh daun kelor, sedangkan variabel dependen yaitu kadar glukosa darah dan kadar kolesterol pada individu obesitas. Teknik pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling dan rumus slovin, didapatkan sebanyak 100 partisipan, dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yakni 50 partisipan kelompok intervensi dan 50 partisipan kelompok kontrol. Kelompok intervensi mengonsumsi teh daun kelor, sedangkan kelompok kontrol tidak diberikan perlakuan selama sepuluh hari. Analisa data univariat dan bivariate uji statistik menggunakan uji paired t-test. Hasil: Mengonsumsi teh daun kelor pada individu obesitas menurunkan kadar glukosa darah kelompok intervensi, kadar glukosa darah menurun dari rata-rata 385.86 mg/dL pada pre-test menjadi 362.4 mg/dL saat post-test. Kelompok kontrol mengalami peningkatan dari 374.4 mg/dL pada pre-test menjadi 376.04 mg/dL saat post-test. Mengonsumsi teh daun kelor pada individu obesitas dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol. Kelompok intervensi, rata-rata kadar kolesterol menurun dari 275.6 mg/dL menjadi 261.58 mg/dL setelah konsumsi teh daun kelor selama sepuluh hari. Kelompok kontrol menunjukkan peningkatan dari 268.22 mg/dL menjadi 277.14 mg/dL. Simpulan: Teh daun kelor memiliki potensi sebagai terapi tambahan dalam manajemen obesitas, diabetes melitus, dan hiperkolesterolemia. Saran: Perlu adanya peningkatan edukasi dan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat mengenai manfaat teh daun kelor, terutama bagi penderita diabetes melitus dan obesitas melalui kampanye kesehatan menggunakan berbagai media untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan pemahaman. Kata Kunci: Kadar Glukosa Darah; Kadar Kolesterol; Obesitas; Teh Daun Kelor.