ANALISIS PENGELOLAAN AIR DALAM USAHATANI PADI PADA LAHAN SAWAH IRIGASI DI SULAWESI SELATAN - Muh. Taufik; Arafah ;; Basir Nappu; Fadjry Djufry (Balai Besar Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian, 2014)
The Water Management Analysis of Rice Farming on Irrigated Land in South Sulawesi. Efficient use of water is an important aspect to increase production and economic value of rice farming in integrated land. A study was conducted at irrigated land in the Mario village, Tanasitolo District of Wajo Regency from March to December 2012. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) involving three farmer cooperators as replications. Every farmers applied water management treatments that were: (1) AWD (Alternate Wetting and Drying) wet or dry irrigation, (2) intermittent irrigation, and (3) continues irrigation (flooded). Seedlings were planted on 17 days using 2 : 1 of “legowo” cropping systems. Fertilizer application was based on soil analysis using PUTS (Phonska 200 kg + 130 kg Urea/ha). Pest and disease controlling with IPM method was also applied in this study. The results showed that the water management methods AWD produced higher growth, yield and profits than other methods. The rice productivity level was achieved by the method of AWD that was 8.3 t/ha, while intermittent and continuous irrigation methods reached only 7.8 t/ha and 7.6 t/ha, respectively. Profits earned in rice farming with AWD method was Rp16.1 million that was higher than others, which was Rp14.1 million and Rp13.4 million, respectively. The R/C of three methods of water management was more than two, meaning that all water management methods applied was feasible to be applied.Key words : Water management, rice farming, irrigated field Efisiensi penggunaan air merupakan aspek penting terkait dengan peningkatan produksi dan nilai ekonomi usahatani padi di lahan sawah irigasi. Pengkajian dilaksanakan di lahan sawah irigasi Desa Mario, Kec. Tanasitolo, Kab. Wajo Sulawesi Selatan pada bulan Maret- Desember 2012. Kajian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan melibatkan 3 orang petani kooperator sebagai ulangan. Setiap petani menerapkan perlakuan pengelolaan air: (1) AWD (Alternate Wetting and Drying) atau pengairan basah kering, (2) intermitten atau pengairan berselang, dan (3) pengairan terus menerus (tergenang). Bibit ditanam umur 17 hari dengan sistem tanam legowo 2:1, pemupukan didasarkan pada analisis tanah dengan Perangkat Uji Tanah Sawah (PUTS) 200 kg phonska + 130 kg Urea/ha. Pengendalian hama/penyakit dilakukan dengan metode Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan air dengan metode AWD menghasilkan pertumbuhan, produksi dan keuntungan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pemberian air secara intermitten dan terus menerus (tergenang). Tingkat produktivitas padi yang dicapai dengan metode AWD adalah 8,3 t/ha, sedangkan pengairan intermitten dan terus menerus menghasilkan masing-masing 7,8 t/ha dan 7,6 t/ha. Keuntungan yang diperoleh dalam usahatani padi dengan metode AWD mencapai Rp16,1 juta/ha, sedang pengelolaan air dengan metode intermitten dan pengairan tergenang masing-masing menghasilkan Rp14,1/ha juta dan Rp13,4 juta/ha. R/C ketiga metode pengelolaan air masing-masing > 2,0 yang berarti metode tersebut layak diterapkan. Kata kunci : Pengelolaan air, usahatani padi, sawah irigasi