PENGARUH KOLKHISIN TERHADAP PENAMPILAN LADA P p er nigrum L.) MUTAN DAN ANALISIS PLOIDI - NATALINI NOVA KRISTINA; SITTI FATIMAH SYAHID (Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan, 2015)
ABSTRAKKeragaman genetik plasma nutfah lada (Piper nigrum) di Indonesia rendah sehingga perlu dilakukan peningkatan keragaman. Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Kaca Balittro Bogor mulai Januari 2012 sampai Juni 2013. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk meningkatkan keragaman genetik lada varietas Petaling 1 menggunakan mutagen kimia kolkhisin. Biji lada direndam dalam larutan kolkhisin konsentrasi 0; 0,01; 0,03; dan 0,05% selama 4 jam dan disemai pada bak pasir. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang 3 kali dan setiap ulangan terdiri atas 300 biji. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap persentase perkecambahan dan fenotipe tanaman, persentase tumbuh, tinggi tanaman, serta jumlah ruas dan daun pada umur dua bulan. Selanjutnya, sebanyak 20 individu dari total benih yang tumbuh dipilih berdasarkan rata rata penggabungan dari tanaman terpendek dan tertinggi. Individu terpilih diamati tinggi tanaman serta jumlah ruas dan daun pada umur empat bulan. Untuk melihat ragam genetik dilakukan analisis kandungan DNA dengan flowcytometry. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan kolkhisin 0,01 dan 0,05% menghasilkan persentase perkecambahan benih di persemaian lebih tinggi. Pada lada mutan vegetatif generasi ke-0, perubahan morfologi terindikasi pada konsentrasi 0,03%. Pada generasi mutan hasil perbanyakan/turunan vegetatif pertama perubahan morfologi pada tanaman terjadi pada perlakuan 0,05%. Namun, tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata pada tingkat ploidi lada pada semua perlakuan termasuk kontrol.Kata kunci: Piper nigrum L., ragam genetik, mutan, kolkhisin, fenotip ABSTRACTEffect of Colchicine on the Phenothypic Performance of Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Mutant and Ploidy analysisGenetic variability of pepper (Piper nigrum) in Indonesia was low, so it was needed to increase its variability. Research was conducted at the green house of Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, Bogor from January 2012 to June 2013. The aim of the research was to increase the genetic variability of pepper (Petaling 1) using chemical mutagen colchicine. Seeds of pepper were soaked in colchicine solution with several concentration (0; 0,01; 0,03; and 0,05%) for four hours, and then germinated on sand media. Every treatment consisted of 300 seeds and replicated three times. The parameter observed were germination percentage, plant phenotype, growth percentage, plant hight, number of node and leaves two months after planting. Further, from total seedling growth, 20 individual were selected based on average combined from highest and shortest plant. The selected individual observed their plant height, number of node and leaves on four months. Flowcytometri analysis from the selected seedling was conducted to find interplant genetic variabilities. The result showed that application of colchicin 0,01 and 0,05% performed the fast germination on the nursery compared with control, but no significant differencet on the growth parameters. In the mutant generation 0, the changes on morphology showed on 0,03% and at the first vegetative generation, the changes were indicated in plants from 0,05% of colchicine treatment. Flowcytometri analysis showed no significant differences on ploidi level of all treatments including control.Keywords: Piper nigrum, genetic variability, mutant, cholchicin, phenotype