EVALUASI PRODUKSI DAN FISIKO-KIMIA MINYAK CENGKEH ZANZIBAR GORONTALO - Supriadi, Handi; Syafaruddin, Syafaruddin; Bermawie, Nurliani; Hadad EA, Mochamad (Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan, 2012)
Cengkeh Zanzibar Gorontalo telah lama dijadikan sebagai sumber benih oleh petani cengkeh di Provinsi Gorontalo karena cengkeh tersebut memiliki keunggulan yaitu berproduksi tinggi dan aroma bunganya disukai oleh banyak pabrik rokokÂ kretek. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi produksi, fisiko-kimia minyak dan karakteristik morfologi 17 pohon induk cengkeh Zanzibar Gorontalo yang sudah digunakan sebagai sumber benih oleh petani. Kegiatan dilaksanakan di Desa Taludaa, Kabupaten Bone Bolango, Gorontalo, mulai Januari sampai September 2012, dengan metode survei. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cengkeh Zanzibar Gorontalo memiliki produksi bunga basah lebih tinggi dibandingkan cengkeh Afo dan komposit Zanzibar Karo. Pohon induk tersebut memiliki mutu bunga cengkeh yang baik dengan kadar minyak atsiri 19,94-23,00% dan kadar eugenol total 87,43-93,00%. Ukuran bunga lebih besar dengan aroma bunga khas, serta seragam dalam penampilan karakter vegetatif dan generatif tanaman.EVALUATION OF GORONTALO ZANZIBAR CLOVE PRODUCTION AND ITS PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ESSENTIAL OILABSTRACT The Clove of Zanzibar Gorontalo has been used as a source of seeds by farmers in Gorontalo province due to high production and its scents preferred by many cigarette industries. A research was carried out to evaluate production and physico-chemical properties of essential oil of Zanzibar clove trees grown. The study (in form of surveys) was focused on the morphological characters (vegetative and generative) of 17 mother trees of Zanzibar clove from January to September 2012 at Taludaa village, Bone Bolango district, Gorontalo. The results showed that the fresh yield of Gorontalo Zanzibar clove was 133,46 kg/tree/year being much higher than those of Afo and Zanzibar Karo composite varieties, 103.0 and 47.0 kg/tree/year respectively. In addition to high in yields, the clove mother trees have good quality in essential oil (19,94-23,00%) and total of eugenol content (87,43-93,00%), larger in flower sizes, distinctive in floral aroma, and homogeny in performance of vegetative and generative characters.