Analisis Efek Samping Kanamisin dan Kapreomisin terhadap Fungsi Ginjal pada Pasien TB RO di RSUD Dr. Soetomo: Adverse Effect Analysis of Kanamicin and Capreomycin on Kidney Function in DR TB Patients at Dr. Soetomo Hospital - Syefi Nuraeni Fitriana; Bambang Subakti Zulkarnain; Heri Yulimanida (Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia, 2023)
The high of adverse effect of resistant TB treatment and the long duration of the treatment is the main obstacle in the success of resistant TB therapy. One of the serious and life-threatening adverse effect of the treatment is nephrotoxic. Kanamycin and capreomycin are MDR TB drugs that can induce nephrotoxic and kidney disorder. This study aims to determine the incidence of hypokalemia and nephrotoxic induced by kanamycin and capreomycin, the onset of the kidney disorder, and its management. Data were collected retrospectively from the medical records of patients in the MDR TB outpatient clinic at Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya during the period January 2018-June 2020. There were 183 patient medical records and only 112 medical records that met the inclusion criteria. The adverse effects studied were hypokalemia and nephrotoxicity which were analyzed based on potassium and creatinine serum levels. The result showed that adverse effect on kidney disorders were more common in the group of patients taking capreomycin than in the group of patients taking kanamycin. Hypokalemia were found 70.45% and nephrotoxicity were found 30.23% in the capreomycin group, while in the kanamycin group, hypokalemia were found 38.24% and nephrotoxicity were found 20.29%. Keywords: kanamycin, capreomycin, MDR TB, nephrotoxicity Abstrak Tingginya efek samping dan lamanya terapi pengobatan TB resisten menjadi kendala utama dalam keberhasilan terapi TB resisten. Salah satu efek samping obat yang serius dan dapat mengancam jiwa adalah gangguan ginjal. Kanamisin dan kapreomisin merupakan obat TB MDR yang dapat menyebabkan efek samping gangguan ginjal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui insidensi efek samping hipokalemia dan nefrotoksik pada pasien TB MDR, berapa lama onsetnya, dan bagaimana cara pengatasannya. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara retrospektif dari rekam medis pasien di poli rawat jalan TB MDR RSUD dr. Soetomo Surabaya selama periode Januari 2018-Juni 2020. Didapatkan 183 rekam medis pasien dan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi sebanyak 112 rekam medis. Efek samping yang diteliti adalah hipokalemia dan nefrotoksik yang dianalisis berdasarkan kadar kalium dan serum kreatinin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan efek samping terhadap gangguan ginjal lebih banyak ditemukan pada kelompok pasien yang menggunakan kapreomisin dibandingkan pada kelompok pasien yang menggunakan kanamisin, yaitu hipokalemia 70,45% dan nefrotoksik 30,23% pada kelompok kapreomisin, sedangkan pada kelompok kanamisin hipokalemia 38,24% dan nefrotoksik 20,29%. Kata Kunci: kanamisin, kapreomisin, TB MDR, gangguan ginjal