Pengaruh Ekstrak Bonggol Nanas (Ananas comosus L.) sebagai Biolarvasida terhadap Kematian Larva Aedes aegypti: The Effect of Pineapple Extract (Ananas comosus L.) as a Biolarvacide of Larva death of Aedes aegypti - Suyarta Efrida Pakpahan; Anistia Fardila; Liah Kodariah (Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia, 2023)
The main vector that causes dengue fever which is a threat to humans is the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Chemical vector control can have a negative and resistant impact on the surrounding environment. One alternative for vector control is to use natural ingredients such as pineapple tuber extract (Ananas comosus L.). The aim of this research was to determine the effect of pineapple tuber extract (Ananas comosus L.) as a biolarvicide on the death of Aedes aegypti larvae. This research method uses an experimental method to determine the effect of pineapple tuber extract (Ananas comosus L.) on the death of Aedes aegypti larvae. Sampling was taken using purposive sampling in the form of third instar larvae. Tests were carried out with 5 concentrations of pineapple tuber extract (Ananas comosus L.), namely 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 4% as well as positive and negative controls. Then proceed with further tests with 4 concentrations, namely 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5% as well as positive and negative controls. The research results show that the results of the one way ANOVA test analysis have a value of p=0.00 (p<0.05) and the results of the probit analysis show an LC50value at a concentration of 4.39%. In 24 hour observations, the lowest larval mortality was at a concentration of 3.5% with a mortality of 29% and the highest mortality was at a concentration of 5% with a mortality of 62%. Based on the research results, it was concluded that pineapple tuber extract (Ananas comosus L.) has a larvicidal effect and can be an alternative larvicide. Keywords: Dengue fever, Aedes aegypti larvae, Biolarvicide, Pineapple tuber Abstrak Vektor utama penyebab DBD yang menjadi ancaman bagi manusia yaitu nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Pengendalian vektor secara kimiawi dapat memberikan dampak negatif dan resisten pada lingkungan sekitar, salah satu cara alternatif pengendalian vektor yang berasal dari bahan alam seperti ekstrak bonggol nanas (Ananas comosus L.). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak bonggol nanas (Ananas comosus L.) sebagai biolarvasida terhadap kematian larva Aedes aegypti. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak bonggol nanas (Ananas comosus L.) terhadap kematian larva Aedes aegypti. Sampel menggunakan purposive sampling berupa larva instar III. Pengujian dilakukan dengan 5 konsentrasi ekstrak bonggol nanas (Ananas comosus L.) yaitu 0,1%, 0,5%, 1%, 1,5%, 4% dan kontrol positif serta negatif. Lalu dilanjutkan uji lanjutan dengan 4 konsentrasi yaitu 3,5%, 4%, 4,5%, 5% dan kontrol positif serta negatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil analisis uji one way ANOVA dengan nilai p=0.00 (p<0.05) dan pada hasil analisis probit didapatkan nilai LC50 pada konsentrasi 4.39%. Pada pengamatan 24 jam didapatkan kematian larva terendah pada konsentrasi 3,5% dengan kematian 29% dan kematian tertinggi pada konsentrasi 5% dengan kematian 62%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak bonggol nanas (Ananas comosus L.) memberikan pengaruh larvasida dan dapat menjadi larvasida alternatif. Kata Kunci: Demam dengue, Larva Aedes aegypti, Biolarvasida, Bonggol Nanas