Antagonisme beberapa bakteri endofit Arecaceae terhadap Curvularia sp. patogen penyebab bercak daun yang diisolasi dari tanaman kelapa kopyor (Antagonism of selected Arecaceae endophytic bacteria against Curvularia sp. leaf spot pathogen isolated from coconut kopyor) - Deden Dewantara ERIS; Agus PURWANTARA; Abdul MUNIF; Bonny Poernomo Wahyu SOEKARNO (INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE, 2018)
Coconut kopyor is one of the most important commodities. One of the problems in coconut kopyor cultivation is grey leaf spot disease caused by Curvularia sp. Using endophytic bacteria is one of the control technique that is environmentally friendly. A total of 40 selected endophytic Arecaceaebacteria isolated from coconut kopyor, palm oil, aren, nibung and pejibaye were tested for their inhibitory ability to Curvularia sp.through antibiotic and volatile organic compound (VOC)test.The antibiotic test showed that thirty three endophytic bacteria isolates have inhibitory capacity againstCurvularia sp. in a range of inhibition from 4.4% to 86.6%. Isolates with the highest inhibition were EAKSS 502, EAKSS 520 and EAKSS 507. VOC test showed that EAPJN 216, EAKSS 532, EAAPN 225, EAAPN 506, EAAPN 507 and EAAPN 557 were produced VOC that suppressed the growth of Curvulariasp fungal colonies in a range from 92.27% to 97.21%. Based on the best combination of antibiotic and production of volatile organic compound test, there were four potential isolates to inhibit the growth of Curvulariasp. in vitro i.e. EAKSS 502, EAKSS 507, EAKPN 201 and EAPJN 216. Those isolates were molecularly identified as Serratia marcescensstrain PIGB81, Burkholderiasp. DOP Ma316, S. marcescensstrain RY21 and S. marcescensstrain LB21.The four isolates were isolated from different plants such oil palm, coconut kopyor and pejibaye.[Keywords: antibiotics,Burkholderia,malforma-tion, Serratia,suppression, volatile compound]AbstrakKelapa kopyor saat ini menjadi salah satu komoditas perkebunan yang penting. Salah satu masalah dalam pembudidayaan kelapa kopyor adalah serangan penyakit bercak kelabu yang disebabkan oleh cendawan Curvulariasp. Penggunaan bakteri endofit merupakan salah satu cara control yang ramah lingkungan.Sebanyak 40 isolat bakteri endofit asal tanaman Arecaceaediisolasi dari tanaman kelapa kopyor, kelapa sawit, aren, nibung dan pejibaye diujikan kemampuan penghambatannya terhadap Curvulariasp. melalui uji antibiosis dan uji produksi senyawa organik volatil (VOC). Uji antibiosis menunjukkan se-banyak 33 isolat bakteri endofit menunjukkan daya penghambatan terhadap cendawan Curvulariasp. dengan kisaran 4,4%-86,6%. Penghambatan terbesar yakni isolat EAKSS 502, EAKSS 520 dan isolat EAKSS 507. Pengujian produksi senyawa organik volatil menunjukkan EAPJN 216, EAKSS 532, EAAPN 225, EAAPN 506, EAAPN 507 dan EAAPN 557 menghasilkan komponen volatil organik yang menekan pertumbuhan koloni cendawan Curvulariasp. pada kisaran 92,27%- 97,21%. Berdasarkan kombinasi data pengujian antibioisis dan produksi senyawa organik volatilterdapat 4 isolat bakteri endofit yang berpotensi menghambat perkembangan Curvulariasp. yaitu isolat EAKSS 502, EAKSS 507, EAKPN 201 dan EAPJN 216.Hasil identifikasi secara molekuler ke empat isolat tersebut berturut-turut adalah Serratia marcescens strain PIGB81,Burkholderia sp. DOP Ma316,S. marcescens strain RY21danS. marcescens strain LB21. Keempat isolat tersebut diisolasi daritanaman yang berbeda yakni kelapa sawit, kelapa kopyor dan pejibaye.[Kata kunci: antibiotik, Burkholderia,malformasi, penghambatan, Serratia,komponen volatil].