Kebijakan Tradable Permit dalam Upaya untuk Mengatasi Kelangkaan Air di Indonesia - Sondakh, Stephanie Ruriko (Asosiasi Pembina Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia (PHLI), 2024)
ABSTRAKIndonesia memiliki potensi sumber daya air sebesar 2,78 triliun m3 per tahun. Namun, hal tersebut tidak menutup kemungkinan bahwa Indonesia mengalami kelangkaan air akibat maraknya pencemaran air yang terjadi. Pencegahan pencemaran air melalui upaya perdagangan izin (tradable permit), sebagaimana diberlakukan di Amerika dan Australia, juga telah diatur di Indonesia melalui PP 22/2021. Dengan adanya perdagangan alokasi beban pencemaran air, usaha dan/atau kegiatan hanya dapat membuang air limbah ke badan air permukaan sesuai dengan kuota alokasi beban pencemar air yang dimilikinya. Walaupun demikian, peraturan menteri yang mengatur tata cara pelaksana perdagangan alokasi beban pencemaran tersebut belum kunjung terbit. Di sisi lain, pengaturan perizinan di bidang pengelolaan sumber daya air juga masih tergolong lemah. Oleh karena itu, sebelum mengimplementasikan perdagangan izin (tradable permit) lebih jauh, harus ada peningkatan pengaturan dan pengawasan dalam perizinan di bidang sumber daya air. Peningkatan tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan penerapan instrumen lingkungan Metode penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif terhadap asas, norma, dan sistem hukum di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya beberapa titik kelemahan dalam pengaturan pengelolaan sumber daya air di Indonesia yang harus dibenahi terlebih dahulu sebelum memaksimalkan potensi perdagangan izin (tradable permit) di sektor sumber daya air di Indonesia ABSTRACTIndonesia has potential water resources of 2.78 trillion m3 per year. However, this does not rule out the possibility that Indonesia is experiencing water scarcity due to widespread water pollution. Prevention of water pollution through trade permits (tradable permits), as implemented in America and Australia, has also been regulated in Indonesia through PP 22/2021. With the existence of water pollution load allocation trading, businesses and/or activities can only discharge water to surface water bodies in accordance with their water pollution load allocation quota. However, the ministerial regulation governing the procedures for trade implementation in the allocation of pollution burdens has not yet been issued. On the other hand, licensing regulations in the field of water resources management are still relatively weak. Therefore, before implementing tradable permit trading further, there must be increased regulation and supervision in licensing in the water resources sector. This development can be carried out by implementing environmental instruments. The research method uses normative juridical methods regarding principles, norms and legal systems in Indonesia. The research results show that there are several weak points in the regulation of water resources management in Indonesia which must be addressed first before maximizing the potential of trading permits (tradable permits) in the water resources sector in Indonesia.