Kejadian Anemia pada Masa Kehamilan sebagai Faktor Risiko Balita Stunting di Kota Surakarta - Hasna Azzahra; Listyani Hidayati; Endang Nur Widiyaningsih (FORIKES, 2024)
Anemia can be caused by maternal iron deficiency during pregnancy. Pregnant women who experience anemia are more likely to give birth to babies with low birth weight, who are more likely to experience stunting when they grow up. This study aimed to analyze the significance of anemia during pregnancy as a risk factor for stunting in toddlers. This study used a case-control design. The subjects of this study were 44 toddlers, both in the case group and the control group, who were taken using the multistage random sampling technique. In the groups, matching was carried out based on gender and age categories. Data on stunting incidence were obtained based on anthropometric data for height index according to age from each health center. History of anemia in pregnant women was obtained from the Maternal and Child Health book. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test. The results of the analysis showed that children from mothers with a history of anemia experienced more stunting (52.3%) than mothers who did not experience anemia. During pregnancy, the average maternal hemoglobin level in the stunting group was 11.1 g/dL, while in the non-stunting group it was 11.9 g/dL. The p value was 0.001, so it was interpreted that there is a relationship between the incidence of anemia during pregnancy and the incidence of stunting. Pregnant women who experience anemia 4.9 times increase the risk of children experiencing stunting. Furthermore, it was concluded that anemia during pregnancy is a risk factor for stunting in toddlers.Keywords: anemia in pregnancy; toddlers; stunting ABSTRAK Anemia dapat diakibatkan oleh defisiensi zat besi ibu selama kehamilan. Ibu hamil yang mengalami anemia berpeluang melahirkan bayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah, yang lebih mungkin mengalami stunting ketika tumbuh dewasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis signifikansi anemia pada masa kehamilan sebagai faktor risiko kejadian stunting pada balita. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kasus-kontrol. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 44 balita, baik pada kelompok kasus maupun kelompok kontrol, yang diambil dengan teknik multistage random sampling. Pada kelompok kelompok dilakukan matching berdasarkan kategori jenis kelamin dan usia. Data kejadian stunting didapatkan berdasarkan data antropometri indeks tinggi badan menurut umur dari masing-masing puskesmas. Riwayat anemia pada ibu hamil didapatkan dari buku Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-square. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa anak dari ibu dengan riwayat anemia lebih banyak mengalami stunting (52,3%) daripada ibu yang tidak mengalami anemia. Selama kehamilan, rerata kadar hemoglobin ibu pada kelompok stunting adalah 11,1 g/dL, sedangkan pada kelompok non stunting adalah 11,9 g/dL. Nilai p adalah 0,001, sehingga diinterpretasikan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara kejadian anemia pada masa kehamilan dan kejadian stunting. Ibu hamil yang mengalami anemia 4,9 kali meningkatkan risiko anak untuk mengalami stunting. Selanjutnya disimpulkan bahwa anemia pada masa kehamilan merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya stunting pada balita. Kata kunci: anemia kehamilan; balita; stunting