Exploration of Islamic Economic Principles on Collateral in Legislation in Indonesia: Penelusuran Prinsip-Prinsip Ekonomi Syariah Tentang Jaminan dalam Peraturan Perundang-Undangan di Indonesia - Sumiati Sumiati; Yadi Janwari; Deni Kamaludin Yusup; Tatang Astarudin (Faculty of Sharia and Law, Sunan Gunung Djati Islamic State University of Bandung, 2024)
Abstract: This research aims to examine and analyse the regulatory concept and legal position of guarantees in statutory regulations, and also seeks to explore the Harmonization of Sharia Economic Principles regarding Guarantees in statutory provisions. Analytical descriptive methods were used in this research, and a juridical-normative approach was used with qualitative research data types. Primary, secondary and tertiary data sources were obtained from several relevant literature. This research indicates that the concept of regulation and the legal position of guarantees in statutory provisions is contained in legislation that is made and ratified in writing. Conceptually, the legal regulation of guarantees can be divided into three, namely, the first concept of legal regulation of guarantees, which originates in Book II of the Civil Code, the second is the law of guarantees, which is regulated outside Book II of the Civil Code, the third is the legal regulation of guarantees according to law. sharia economics. Guarantee law acts as a subsidiary or complementary agreement. In connection with the harmonisation of Sharia economic principles, guarantees in statutory regulations can be understood through various principles of Sharia economic law reflected in legislation. These principles consist of the principle of worship (al-tauhid), the principle of justice (al-adl), the principle of amar ma'ruf nahi munkar, the principle of freedom (al-hurriyah), the principle of equality (al-musawah), the principle of helping each other (al -ta'awun), and the principle of tolerance (al-tasamuh), which is substantially contained in the legislation. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis pengaturan dan kedudukan hukum jaminan pada peraturan perundang-undangan, dan juga untuk menggali Prinsip-prinsip Ekonomi Syariah tentang Jaminan dalam ketentuan undang-undang. Metode deskriptif analitis digunakan pada penelitian ini, dan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis-normatif, dengan jenis data penelitian kualitatif. Sumber data primer, sekunder, dan tersier didapatkan dari beberapa literatur yang relevan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Konsep pengaturan hukum jaminan pada peraturan perundang-undangan dibedakan menjadi tiga yakni pertama konsep pengaturan hukum jaminan yang bersumber di dalam Buku II Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Perdata (KUHPdt), kedua pengaturan hukum jaminan yang terdapat di luar Buku II Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Perdata ketiga pengaturan hukum jaminan menurut hukum ekonomi syariah. Hukum Jaminan berkedudukan sebagai perjanjian ikutan/pelengkap (Assecoir). Adapun alasan dibolehkannya objek yang dijaminkan pada akad pembiayaan di perbankan syariah didasarkan adanya kesadaran akan resiko terhadap munculnya moral hazard. Adapun Prinsip-prinsip ekonomi syariah tentang jaminan dalam peraturan perundang-undangan dapat difahami melalui berbagai prinsip hukum ekonomi syariah pada berbagai perundang-undangan jaminan yang terdiri atas prinsip ibadah (al-tauhid), prinsip amar ma’ruf nahi munkar, prinsip keadilan (al-adl), prinsip kebebasan (al-hurriyah), prinsip persamaan/al musawah, prinsip saling tolong menolong (al-ta’awun), dan prinsip toleransi (al-tasamuh), yang secara substansial sudah terdapat di dalam perundang-undang tersebut, hanya saja keberadaan prinsip tersebut belum sepenuhnya terimplementasikan dalam peraturan jaminan.