KONSUMSI ZAT GIZI DAN AKTIVITAS FISIK ANAK TAMAN KANAK-KANAK GEMUK DI KOTA BOGOR (NUTRIENT INTAKES AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF OBESE KINDERGARTEN STUDENTS IN BOGOR CITY) - Yunita Diana Sari; Dwi Anggraini Puspitasari (Persagi, 2013)
ABSTRACT Overweight or obesity is considered as one of the health problems for adults, children and also as earlier as toddler. Being overweight for children at early age most likely would make them remain the same through their adolescents and adults years. Overweight in children is caused by several interrelated factors, such as: unhealthy eating pattern as the habit in consuming food with high fats and calories, and lack of physical activities. The objective of this research was to find out the nutrient intake such as energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat and cholesterol of 4-6 years old children with excess weight, and their energy expends in one day. The research was conducted in three kindergartens at Bogor city. The inclusion criterias of the samples were 4-6 years old students with body weight according to height > 2 SD. Data is collected by anthropometry measurement, 1x24 hours food recall, and 1x24 hours activity recall. The average weight of the students was 26,85 kg. The average energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat and cholesterol intakes were 2019 kkal, 229 g, 61 g, 78 g and 457.4 mg respectively. The high intake of cholesterol was acquired from consumption of 3 eggs/day, and from three times consumption of full cream milk/day at the minimum. Total energy expenditure was 1214 kkal/day or there were 805 excess calories/ day. All subjects in this study had physical activity in mild category. The average intake of energy, protein, fat and dietary cholesterol exceeded 100 percent of the Recommended Dietary Allowances. In the long term it would lead to an increase of body weight that could eventually lead to obesity. Keywords: excess nutrition, nutrient intake, total energy expenditure ABSTRAK Kegemukan atau obesitas menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan bagi orang dewasa dan anak-anak, bahkan sejak usia balita. Jika kegemukan terjadi pada usia dini kemungkinan besar kegemukan akan menetap sampai dewasa. Obesitas pada anak-anak disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor yang saling berkaitan, di antaranya kebiasaan mengonsumsi makanan tinggi lemak dan karbohidrat, dan kurangnya aktifitas fisik. Tujuan dari penelitia adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran konsumsi zat gizi (energi, karbohidrat, protein, lemak dan kolesterol) pada anak usia 4-6 tahun dengan berat badan lebih serta pengeluaran energi sehari. Penelitian dilakukan di tiga Taman Kanak-Kanak di Kota Bogor. Kriteria inklusi sampel yaitu anak TK usia 4-6 tahun dengan berat badan/tinggi badan (BB/TB) ≥ 2 SD. Data diperoreh melalui pengukuran antropometri, recall makanan 1x24 jam dan recall aktifitas 1x24 jam. Rata-rata berat badan anak 26,85 kg. Rata-rata asupan energi sebesar 2019 kkal, karbohidrat 229 g, protein 61 g, lemak 78 g dan kolesterol 457 mg. Kadar kolesterol yang tinggi diperoleh dari konsumsi telur 3 butir sehari dan konsumsi susu full cream minimal 3 kali sehari. Total Energy Expenditure sebesar 1214 kkal/hari atau kelebihan 805 kalori/hari. Aktifitas fisik yang dilakukan oleh semua subyek penelitian berada dalam kategori ringan. Rata-rata asupan energi, protein, lemak dan kolesterol makanan melebihi 100% AKG. Tingginya asupan zat gizi menyebabkan kelebihan energi. Dalam jangka waktu yang lama hal ini akan menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan berat bedan yang akhirnya bisa menyebabkan anak menjadi obesitas. [Penel Gizi Makan 2013, 36(1): 44-53] Kata Kunci : gizi lebih, konsumsi zat gizi, total energy expenditure