Status Kesehatan dan Gizi dalam Seribu Hari Pertama Kehidupan sebagai Determinan Stunting Balita: Studi Cross-sectional Riskesdas 2018 - Prihatini Dini Novitasari; Besral Besral (Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai, 2025)
Abstrak Stunting masih menjadi permasalahan krusial yang dialami oleh anak di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara status kesehatan dan gizi dalam seribu hari pertama kehidupan dengan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 0-23 bulan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional untuk menganalisis data sekunder Riset Kesehatan Dasar Indonesia 2018 pada 6554 anak usia 0-23 bulan dan ibunya yang terbagi menjadi 3 kelompok, yakni usia 0-5 bulan, 6-11 bulan, dan 12-23 bulan dan dianalisis dengan regresi logistik ganda. Secara keseluruhan, prevalensi stunting pada anak usia 0-23 bulan yakni 22,8%. Di usia 0-5 bulan, berat bayi lahir rendah dan riwayat inisiasi menyusu dini berhubungan dengan stunting, sedangkan di usia 6-11 bulan, usia gestasi dan waktu pertama MP-ASI berhubungan signifikan dengan stunting. Di usia selanjutnya, 12-23 bulan, BBLR dan panjang lahir berhubungan signifikan dengan stunting. Selanjutnya, faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap stunting pada anak usia 0-5 bulan, 6-11 bulan, dan 12-23 bulan secara berturut-turut yakni berat bayi lahir rendah (OR= 2,56; 95%CI= 1,13 – 5,81), usia gestasi ketika lahir (OR= 1,49; 95%CI= 1,05 – 2,10), dan panjang lahir (OR= 1,69; 95%CI= 1,32 – 2,17). Jadi, BBLR, prematur, dan lahir pendek paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian stunting pada anak usia 0-23 bulan dan sebaiknya skrining/deteksi stunting dilakukan secara berkala dengan melibatkan berbagai faktor risiko tersebut. Kata Kunci: Anak, Status kesehatan, Status Nutrisi, Stunting Abstract Stunting is still being crucial health problem in toddler in Indonesia. This research seeks to explore the relationship between health and nutritional status during the first thousand days of life and the incident of stunting in children aged 0 to 23 months in Indonesia. This research employed a cross-sectional approach to examine secondary data from the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Research, included 6,554 children aged 0-23 months along with their mothers. The children were categorized into three age groups: 0-5 months, 6-11 months, and 12-23 months. The data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression techniques. In summary, the prevalence of stunting among children aged 0-23 months was found to be 22.8%. For the age group of 0-5 months, factors such as low birth weight and the early initiation of breastfeeding were linked to stunting. In the 6-11month group, gestational age and the timing of the introduction of complementary foods showed significant associations with stunting. For children aged 12-23 months, low birth weight and birth length emerged as important factors related to stunting. Additionally, the primary determinants affecting stunting at each age interval were identified as follows: low birth weight (OR=2.56; 95%CI=1.13-5.81) for 0-5 months, gestational age at birth (OR=1.49; 95%CI=1.05-2.10) for 6-11 months, and birth length (OR=1.69;95%CI=1.32-2.17) for 12-23 months. LBW, prematurity, and short birth are the most influential factors in the incidence of stunting in children aged 0-23 months and stunting screening/detection should be carried out regularly by involving these various risk factors. Keywords: Children, Health Status, Nutritional Status, Stunting