BIOASESMEN KUALITAS AIR MAKROZOOBENTHOS DI KOTA JANTHO, KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR - -, Anisha Mutia; Purba, Nadinda Oxa Zofandri; Vivianda, Tricia; Arifqi, Muhammad; Zahara, Zahara; Putri, Siti Al Roza Selia; Athreebil, Athreebil; Masyitah, Istiqamatul (Universitas Syiah Kuala, 2025)
AbstrakKualitas air suatu badan air dapat dievaluasi melalui berbagai metode, salah satunya menggunakan bioindikator seperti makrozoobenthos. Makrozoobentos merupakan organisme akuatik yang hidup menetap di dasar perairan. Penilaian kualitas air menggunakan metode Biological Monitoring Working Party - Average Score Per Taxon (BMWP-ASPT) memungkinkan pengelompokan biota bentik berdasarkan tingkat toleransinya terhadap pencemaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis indeks keanekaragaman dan indeks dominasi makrozoobenthos, mengukur parameter fisika-kimia air, serta mengevaluasi hubungan antara parameter fisika-kimia dengan keanekaragaman makrozoobenthos. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga mengevaluasi kualitas air menggunakan metode BMWP-ASPT sebagai sistem pemantauan biologis berbasis komunitas makrozoobenthos. Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini dilakukan di sepanjang Sungai Panorama, Kota Jantho, Bukit Meusara, Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Identifikasi sampel dilakukan di Laboratorium Biologi Laut, Fakultas Kelautan dan Perikanan, Universitas Syiah Kuala. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan pendekatan purposive sampling, yaitu berdasarkan kondisi lingkungan di sepanjang sungai sebagai dasar pemilihan stasiun pengambilan sampel. Terdapat tiga stasiun penelitian yang memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan di sungai Panaroma Jantho, terdapat 14 genus dan 15 individu. Genera ini diklasifikasikan menjadi 3 kelas (lnsecta, Gastropoda, Cliitellata). Kelas Insecta (5 ordo, 7 famili, 11 genus), Kelas Gastropoda (2 ordo, 2 famili, 2 genus), Kelas Cliitellata (1 ordo, 1 famili, 1 genus). Analisis menggunakan metode BMWP-ASPT menunjukkan bahwa kualitas air Sungai Jantho berada dalam kategori tercemar sedang hingga tercemar berat dengan nilai berkisar antara 2,34. Hasil ini mengindikasikan adanya tekanan pencemaran yang signifikan terhadap ekosistem Sungai.Kata Penting: Gyrinidae, Hydropchidae, Metode BMWP-ASPT, Purposive sampling, Perlidae.AbstractThe water quality of a body of water can be evaluated through various methods, one of which is using bioindicators such as macrozoobenthos. Macrozoobenthos are aquatic organisms that live permanently at the bottom of the waters. Water quality assessment using the Biological Monitoring Working Party - Average Score Per Taxon (BMWP-ASPT) method allows grouping of benthic biota based on their tolerance level to pollution. This study aims to analyze the diversity index and dominance index of macrozoobenthos, measure the physical-chemical parameters of water, and evaluate the relationship between physical-chemical parameters and macrozoobenthos diversity. In addition, this study also evaluates water quality using the BMWP-ASPT method as a biological monitoring system based on the macrozoobenthos community. Sampling in this study was carried out along the Panorama River, Jantho City, Bukit Meusara, Aceh Besar Regency. Sample identification was carried out at the Marine Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Syiah Kuala University. This study used a survey method with a purposive sampling approach, namely based on environmental conditions along the river as the basis for selecting sampling stations. There are three research stations with different characteristics. Based on research conducted in the Panaroma Jantho River, there are 14 genera and 15 individuals. These genera are classified into 3 classes (lnsecta, Gastropoda, Cliitellata). Insecta Class (5 orders, 7 families, 11 genera), Gastropoda Class (2 orders, 2 families, 2 genera), Cliitellata Class (1 order, 1 family, 1 genus). Analysis using the BMWP-ASPT method shows that the water quality of the Jantho River is in the category of moderate to severely polluted with values ranging from 2.34. These results indicate significant pollution pressure on the river ecosystem.Keywords: Gyrinidae, Hydropchidae, Metode BMWP-ASPT, Purposive sampling, Perlidae.