Analisis Pengaruh Faktor Internal dan Eksternal Terhadap Profitabilitas Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia Periode 2018-2023 - Rahmawati, Elvira Eka; Tenny Badina; Elif Pardiansyah (Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, 2025)
Abstract This study aims to examine the influence of internal and external factors on the profitability of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia during the 2018–2023 period. The variables analyzed include Operating Expenses to Operating Income (BOPO), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non-Performing Financing (NPF), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and Global Economic Policy Uncertainty (GEPU). A quantitative approach was applied using secondary data obtained through literature review and documentation. The sample consists of 8 Islamic commercial banks selected through purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted using panel data regression with the assistance of E-Views software. The results show that BOPO has a significant negative effect on Return on Assets (ROA), while GDP has a significant positive effect. Meanwhile, CAR, NPF, FDR, and GEPU do not have a significant impact on ROA. These findings indicate that operational efficiency and macroeconomic conditions are important factors influencing the profitability of Islamic commercial banks. Keywords: Profitability, ROA, BOPO, GDP, Global Economic Policy Uncertainty (GEPU). Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh faktor internal dan eksternal terhadap profitabilitas Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia selama periode 2018–2023. Variabel yang dianalisis meliputi Beban Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non-Performing Financing (NPF), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB), dan Global Economic Policy Uncertainty (GEPU). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui studi pustaka dan dokumentasi. Sampel terdiri dari 8 bank umum syariah yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data dilakukan dengan regresi data panel menggunakan bantuan software E-Views. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa BOPO berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap Return on Asset (ROA), sedangkan PDB berpengaruh positif signifikan. Sementara itu, variabel CAR, NPF, FDR, dan GEPU tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ROA. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa efisiensi operasional dan kondisi ekonomi makro merupakan faktor penting dalam mempengaruhi profitabilitas bank umum syariah. Kata kunci: Profitabilitas, ROA, BOPO, PDB, Global Economic Policy Uncertainty (GEPU)