Modeling and Analysis of Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) on the Cement Industry Distribution Route in Grobogan Regency, Central Java: Pemodelan dan Analisis Sebaran Total Partikulat Tersuspensi (TSP) pada Jalur Distribusi Industri Semen di Kabupaten Grobogan, Jawa Tengah - Sukriya, Ikha Novita Ma'wa; Purnaweni, Hartuti; Muhammad, Fuad (BRIN Publishing (Penerbit BRIN), 2025)
Abstrak Peningkatan aktivitas transportasi dan operasional industri berkontribusi signifikan terhadap pencemaran udara, termasuk emisi polutan gas dan materi partikulat. Paparan total partikulat tersuspensi atau total suspended particulate (TSP) dapat meningkatkan risiko gangguan pernapasan bagi makhluk hidup. Aktivitas utama maupun penunjang dalam industri semen menghasilkan emisi polutan dalam jumlah besar ke udara dan lingkungan sekitar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memodelkan dan menganalisis distribusi konsentrasi TSP di udara ambien pada musim kering dan musim basah yang bersumber dari kegiatan transportasi bahan baku dan hasil produksi semen. Pemodelan dispersi dilakukan menggunakan model American Meteorological Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model (AERMOD). Laju emisi TSP dihitung dan digunakan sebagai input untuk mengestimasi beban emisi dan nilai konsentrasi TSP. Analisis arah angin (wind rose) dilakukan untuk menentukan pola arah sebaran konsentrasi TSP yang dihasilkan oleh AERMOD. Hasil pemodelan menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi TSP cenderung tinggi di sisi kanan dan kiri jalur utama, mengikuti arah angin dominan. Peningkatan konsentrasi tahunan TSP berkisar antara 3 hingga 325 µg/m³ dalam radius 7,2 meter dari as jalan raya, namun tidak ditemukan permukiman penduduk dalam radius tersebut. Pada musim basah, peningkatan konsentrasi tertinggi tercatat antara 200 hingga 281 µg/m³ dalam radius 38 meter dari as jalan, dengan jumlah rumah terdampak sebanyak 76 unit. Sementara itu, pada musim kering, konsentrasi tertinggi antara 2 hingga 176 µg/m³ dalam radius 80,3 meter, dengan 125 rumah yang berpotensi menerima paparan partikulat. Tingkat paparan materi partikulat di kawasan permukiman ini tergolong mengkhawatirkan, sehingga diperlukan studi lanjutan terkait dampak kesehatan dan persepsi masyarakat terhadap kualitas udara di wilayah terdampak. Abstract Increased transportation activities and industrial operations contribute significantly to air pollution, including emissions of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter. Exposure to total suspended particulate (TSP) can increase the risk of respiratory problems in living beings. Both primary and ancillary activities in the cement industry produce large amounts of pollutant emissions into the air and the surrounding environment. This study aims to model and analyze the distribution of TSP concentrations in ambient air in the dry and wet seasons sourced from the transportation of raw materials and cement products. Dispersion modeling was conducted using the American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model (AERMOD). The TSP emission rate was calculated and used as input to estimate the emission load and TSP concentration values. A wind rose was analyzed to determine the directional pattern of TSP concentration distribution generated by AERMOD. The modeling results show that TSP concentrations tend to be high on the right and left sides of the main road, following the dominant wind direction. The annual increase in TSP concentrations ranged from 3 to 325 µg/m³ within a radius of 7.2 meters from the road axle, but no residential areas were found within this radius. In the wet season, the highest concentration increase was recorded between 200 and 281 µg/m³ within a radius of 38 meters from the road axle, with a total of 76 houses affected. Meanwhile, in the dry season, the highest concentrations ranged from 2 to 176 µg/m³ within a radius of 80.3 meters, with 125 houses potentially receiving particulate matter exposure. The exposure to particulate matter in this residential area is alarming, so further studies are needed regarding health impacts and community perceptions of air quality in the affected area.