STUDI LITERATUR: TINGKAT KEBERHASILAN KEBUNTINGAN SAPI POTONG ANTARA KAWIN ALAMI DAN INSEMINASI BUATAN - Lutfi, Alfian Ibnu; Prayudha, Muhammad Rokhim Akbar; Kurnianudin, Dimas; Ridlo, Muhammad Rosyid (Jurusan Peternakan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Pattimura, 2025)
Meningkatnya praktik Inseminasi buatan (IB) menggantikan kawin alam pada perkembangbiakan sapi potong menjadi pertanyaan, apakah pelaksanaan IB lebih baik dari kawin alam. Studi literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan keberhasilan antara inseminasi buatan dan kawin alami pada sapi potong. Penelitian melibatkan pengumpulan dan analisis literatur yang diambil dari Google scholar dan Google books. Sumber yang digunakan adalah jurnal hasil publikasi 10 tahun terakhir dan buku dengan tahun terbit maksimal tahun 2000. Variabel meliputi non return rate (NRR), conception rate (CR), dan service per conception (S/C). Hasil studi diperoleh nilai NRR, CR, dan S/C pada perkawinan alami berturut-turut adalah 74,4%, 67,8%, dan 1,43, sedangkan nilai NRR, CR, dan S/C pada IB berturut-turut adalah 70,4%, 67,8%, dan 1,65. Disimpulkan bahwa perkawinan alami memiliki NRR dan CR yang lebih tinggi dari IB. Angka S/C kawin alam lebih efisien dibandingkan dengan IB. Hal tersebut dapat memberikan informasi bahwa perkawinan alami lebih baik dari pada IB dalam hal angka kebuntingan dan efisiensi perkawinan. Secara kuantitatif nilai efektifitas IB terlihat lebih rendah daripada perkawinan alami, namun di samping NRR, CR dan S/C, inseminasi buatan masih memiliki keunggulan lain dan layak diaplikasikan di lapangan untuk mendukung peningkatan produktifitas ternak. ABSTRACT Artificial insemination (AI) is a breeeding method in cattle by inserting semen into the female reproductive organ by using insemination gun operated by human. Several factors that influence the success of AI include semen quality, female reproductive physiology, and inseminator. As a natural mating, female cows were mated directly with males. Natural cattle mating is a physiological method of cattle breeding. However, the decline in the practice of natural mating, which is replaced by IB, raises the question of whether AI is better than natural mating. This literature review aims to examine the comparison of success parameters between artificial insemination and natural mating in beef cattle. The method used was literature collection obtained from Google scholar and Google books. The sources used were journals with publication periods before 10 years and books with a maximum publication year of 2000. The variables observed in this review were Non Return Rate (NRR), Service per Conception (S/C) and Conception Rate (CR). The results obtained NRR, S/C and CR values in natural mating were 74.4%; 1.4; 70.4%, respectively. Meanwhile, the NRR, S/C and CR values in artificial insemination were 67.8%; 1.6; 67.8%, respectively. Based on the results, it can be concluded that natural mating has a higher NRR and CR than AI. The S/C rate of natural mating was more efficient than AI. This information revealed that natural mating was better than IB in terms of pregnancy rate and mating efficiency. Quantitatively, the effectiveness of IB is lower, but in addition to NRR, CR and S/C, artificial insemination has advantages and is still feasible to be applied in the field to support increased livestock productivity.