Morbiditas dan Multi Morbiditas Pada Kelompok Lanjut Usia di Indonesia - Anorital, Anorital (Puslitbang Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan, 2015)
AbstractThe increasing elderly population in Indonesia has been predicted long ago.It causes a public health problem particularly the high rate of morbidity and multi-morbidity. The results of Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2007 and 2013, showed six common non-communicable diseases among the elderly such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, rheumatoid arthritis, mental and emotional disorders. In addition, four infectious diseases predominantly among the elderly, they were acute respiratory infections, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and diarrhea. Both the high morbidity infectious and non-infectious diseases also indicated a multi-morbidity among the elderly. The Riskesdas 2007 results showed only 13% of healthy elderlywere healthy, 34.8% of them suffered from one disease, and 52.2% had two or more diseases (multiple morbidity). Multiple morbidity resulted elderly people in more suffering condition, decreased their life qualityand increased their mortality, and in a broader scope lead to their social and economic burden. Principal efforts overcoming the problem of multi-morbidity is to change policy of elderly health care particularly in theequity and continuity of elderly program in primary health care centers.Keyword: Multi Morbidity, Ageing, GeriatriAbstrakMeningkatnya populasi lansia di Indonesia sudah diprediksi sejak jauh hari. Adanya peningkatan jumlah populasi lansia menimbulkan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yaitu tingginya angka morbiditas dan multi morbiditas. Dari hasil Riskesdas 2007 dan 2013, diketahui ada 6 penyakit tidak menular yaitu diabetes mellitus, hipertensi, jantung koroner, strok, penyakit sendi, dan gangguan mental emosional yang umum terjadi padalansia. Selain ke 6 penyakit tersebut di atas, diketahui juga ada 4 penyakit menular yaitu ISPA, pneumonia,tuberkulosis, dan diare. Tingginya angka morbiditas penyakit menular dan tidak menular juga mengindikasikan adanya multi morbiditas pada lansia. Dari hasil Riskesdas 2007 hanya 13% lansia yang sehat, 34,8% menderitasatu jenis penyakit, dan 52,2% menderita dua jenis penyakit atau lebih (multi morbiditas). Multi morbiditas mengakibatkan lansia semakin menderita, kualitas hidup menurun dan tingkat mortalitas pun meningkat, dalam lingkup yang lebih luas menimbulkan beban sosial dan ekonomi. Upaya pokok penanggulangan masalah multi morbiditas adalah dengan adanya perubahan kebijakan terhadap pelayanan kesehatan lansia yang dilakukan secara merata dan berkesinambungan di sentra pelayanan kesehatan dasar.Kata Kunci: Multi Moribiditas, Lanjut Usia, Geriatri