TRANSFORMASI MOTIVASI SANTRI: STUDI PENGARUH HUKUMAN BERBASIS PENDIDIKAN DI PONDOK PESANTREN AL-KANDIYAS - Utomo, Farhan Rizqullah Satrio; Rodiah, Ita (The Institute for Research and Community Service (LP2M) of Pontianak State Institute of Islamic Studies (IAIN Pontianak), 2025)
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kenyataan bahwa motivasi belajar santri menjadi aspek penting dalam keberhasilan pendidikan pesantren, namun masih sedikit penelitian yang secara spesifik menelaah pengaruh hukuman berbasis pendidikan terhadap transformasi motivasi santri, khususnya di lingkungan pesantren salafiyah. Sebagian besar studi sebelumnya hanya menyoroti aspek kedisiplinan atau penerapan reward and punishment secara umum tanpa mengaitkan dengan perubahan motivasi belajar santri. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana penerapan hukuman berbasis pendidikan di Pondok Pesantren Al-Kandiyas berpengaruh terhadap transformasi motivasi santri baik secara intrinsik maupun ekstrinsik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, melibatkan observasi partisipan, wawancara mendalam dengan santri, pengasuh, dan staf pengajar, serta analisis dokumen. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada fokus analisis terhadap transformasi motivasi santri akibat penerapan hukuman edukatif dalam konteks pesantren salafiyah, serta integrasi nilai-nilai pendidikan Islam dengan teori pengkondisian operan Skinner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan hukuman berbasis pendidikan memiliki pengaruh kompleks terhadap motivasi belajar santri. Hukuman yang diterapkan secara bijaksana dan berorientasi pada pembinaan terbukti dapat meningkatkan kedisiplinan dan motivasi belajar. Namun, hukuman yang bersifat otoriter atau fisik cenderung menurunkan motivasi intrinsik dan menimbulkan efek psikologis negatif. Faktor-faktor seperti hubungan antara pengasuh dan santri, dukungan sosial dari teman sebaya, dan lingkungan pesantren juga berperan signifikan dalam mempengaruhi motivasi belajar. Kesimpulannya, penerapan hukuman di pesantren perlu dirancang secara hati-hati agar bersifat edukatif, dengan mempertimbangkan pendekatan yang lebih komprehensif dan holistik dalam upaya meningkatkan motivasi belajar dan perkembangan karakter santri. This study is motivated by the fact that students’ learning motivation is a crucial aspect of educational success in Islamic boarding schools (pesantren), yet few studies have specifically examined the influence of education-based punishment on the transformation of students’ motivation, particularly within salafiyah pesantren settings. Most previous research has focused merely on disciplinary aspects or the general application of reward and punishment, without linking them to changes in students’ learning motivation. Therefore, this study aims to analyze how the implementation of education-based punishment at Pondok Pesantren Al-Kandiyas affects the transformation of students’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. This research employed a qualitative approach with a case study design, involving participant observation, in-depth interviews with students, caregivers, and teachers, as well as document analysis. The novelty of this study lies in its analytical focus on the transformation of students’ motivation resulting from the implementation of educational punishment within a salafiyah pesantren context, as well as the integration of Islamic educational values with Skinner’s operant conditioning theory. The findings reveal that the application of education-based punishment has a complex influence on students’ learning motivation. Punishments that are applied wisely and oriented toward moral development are proven to enhance students’ discipline and motivation to learn. Conversely, authoritarian or physical punishments tend to reduce intrinsic motivation and cause negative psychological effects. Factors such as the relationship between caregivers and students, peer social support, and the pesantren environment also play significant roles in shaping learning motivation. In conclusion, the implementation of punishment in pesantren should be carefully designed to remain educational in nature, taking into account more comprehensive and holistic approaches to fostering students’ motivation and character development.