Deteksi Gen Hemoglobin E (HBE) dengan Metode Elektroforesis Pada Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik (GGK) di Rumah Sakit Santa Elisabeth Medan - Benedikta Bestari Daeli; Paska Ramawati Situmorang; Ruth Agree Kartini Sihombing; Rica Vera Br Tarigan (Universitas Malahayati Lampung, 2025)
ABSTRACT Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive condition that leads to a decline in renal function and often results in anemia. Hemoglobin E (HbE) is a genetic variant that may exacerbate anemia in CKD patients, potentially complicating clinical outcomes. This study aimed to detect the presence of the HbE gene mutation in CKD patients using the electrophoresis method. This descriptive quantitative research was conducted on 25 CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis at Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan in 2025. Total sampling was applied, and data collection included hemoglobin level measurement and DNA analysis through agarose gel electrophoresis. The results showed that all participants (100%) were diagnosed with anemia, with hemoglobin levels ranging from 7.3 g/dL to 11.4 g/dL. Electrophoresis revealed the presence of DNA bands in both sample and marker lanes; however, the bands appeared faint and lacked sufficient intensity, limiting clear interpretation. This condition leads to uncertainty in determining the presence or absence of the HbE gene mutation in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Based on the results, it is concluded that the percentage of the HbE gene in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease at Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan cannot be determined Keywords: Hemoglobin, Hemoglobin E (HbE) Gene, Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Electrophoresis. ABSTRAK Gagal Ginjal Kronik (GGK) merupakan kondisi progresif yang menyebabkan penurunan fungsi ginjal dan sering menimbulkan komplikasi anemia. Salah satu faktor genetik yang dapat memperparah anemia pada pasien GGK adalah mutasi gen Hemoglobin E (HbE). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan gen HbE pada pasien GGK dengan metode elektroforesis. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik total sampling, melibatkan 25 pasien GGK yang menjalani hemodialisis di Rumah Sakit Santa Elisabeth Medan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin dan analisis DNA menggunakan elektroforesis gel agarosa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan seluruh responden (100%) mengalami anemia, dengan kadar hemoglobin berkisar antara 7,3 g/dL hingga 11,4 g/dL. Pemeriksaan elektroforesis menunjukkan adanya pita DNA pada sampel dan marker, namun tampak samar dan kurang intens. Hal ini menyebabkan ketidakpastian dalam menentukan ada atau tidaknya mutasi gen HbE pada pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik. Dari hasil tersebut, disimpulkan bahwa presentase gen HbE pada pasien gagal Ginjal Kronik di Rumah Sakit Santa Elisabeth Medan tidak dapat ditentukan. Kata Kunci: Hemoglobin, Gen HbE, Gagal Ginjal Kronik, Elektroforesis