Transaksi Down Payment dalam Fiqih Hanabilah: Kajian Klasik dan Implementasi dalam Praktik Modern - Andri Muda Nst; Zuhdi Hsb; Idris; Asrul Hamid (Prodi Hukum Ekonomi Syari'ah STAIN Mandailing Natal, 2024)
Transaksi Down Payment dalam Fiqih Hanabilah: Kajian Klasik dan Implementasi dalam Praktik Modern. Latar belakang kajian ini adalah permasalahan mengenai kelayakan konsep jual beli panjar (Down Payment) dalam Fiqih Hanabilah melalui pendekatan kontekstualisasi Maqashid as-Syari’ah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami bagaimana konsep jual beli dengan panjar menurut Fiqih Hanabilah, serta bagaimana penerapannya dalam konteks modern. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian pustaka dengan pendekatan normatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik pengolahan berupa editing dan organizing, yang kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk memahami fenomena yang dialami subjek penelitian, seperti perilaku, persepsi, motivasi, dan tindakan. Kajian ini juga membahas perbedaan pandangan antara Fiqih Syafi’i, yang menyatakan transaksi panjar tidak sah, dan Fiqih Hanbali yang membolehkannya. Maqashid as-Syari’ah, sebagai metodologi pengambilan hukum dalam menghadapi masalah kontemporer, menjadi landasan utama dalam mempertimbangkan transaksi ini. Dalam Fiqih Hanabilah, transaksi down payment diakui melalui konsep maslahah dharuriyyah yang menekankan penjagaan harta (hifzh al-mal) baik bagi penjual maupun pembeli. Analisis qiyas digunakan untuk menjelaskan ‘illat yang terdapat dalam hadits Nabi yang diriwayatkan oleh Umar, mendukung kelayakan transaksi panjar dalam praktik ekonomi modern. Kata kunci: Down Payment, Fiqih Hanabilah, Maqashid as-Syari’ah Abstract: Down Payment Transactions in Hanbali Fiqh: A Classical Study and Its Implementation in Modern Practice. This study is motivated by the issue of the validity of down payment (Bay' al-'Urbun) transactions in Hanbali Fiqh, examined through the contextualization of the Maqashid al-Shari'ah approach. The research aims to explore how the concept of down payment is interpreted in Hanbali Fiqh and how it is applied in contemporary contexts. The methodology employed is a library-based study utilizing a normative approach. Data is gathered through techniques of editing and organizing, followed by descriptive analysis to gain insight into the phenomena experienced by the subjects, such as their behaviors, perceptions, motivations, and actions. The study also investigates the differing views between Shafi'i Fiqh, which deems down payment transactions invalid, and Hanbali Fiqh, which permits them. Maqashid al-Shari'ah, as a legal methodology for addressing contemporary issues, serves as the central framework for evaluating the legitimacy of this transaction. In Hanbali Fiqh, down payment transactions are justified through the concept of maslahah daruriyyah, which emphasizes the protection of wealth (hifzh al-mal) for both the buyer and seller. The study employs qiyas (analogical reasoning) to explain the legal reasoning ('illah) derived from a hadith narrated by Umar, thus supporting the validity of down payment transactions within modern economic practice. Keyword:, Down Payment, Hanbali Fiqh, Maqashid al-Shari’ah