KERAGAMAN BOBOT BADAN, UKURAN-UKURAN TUBUH DAN JARAK GENETIK AYAM KAMPUNG DI KECAMATAN LEIHITU BARAT - Sutarto, Sutarto; Papilaya, Bercomien Juliet; Rajab, Rajab; Sarfan, Riri (Jurusan Peternakan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Pattimura, 2025)
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman bobot badan dan ukuran tubuh, serta menganalisis jarak genetik ayam kampung di Kecamatan Leihitu Barat, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan pengukuran sampel 196 ekor ayam jantan dan betina dewasa dari lima desa yaitu Hatu, Liliboy, Allang, Wakasihu, dan Larike yang mewakili populasi ayam kampung. Variabel morfometrik yang diamati meliputi bobot badan, lingkar dada, panjang sayap, panjang paha, panjang betis, panjang shank, panjang jari ketiga, dan lebar pubis. Analisis statistik deskriptif digunakan untuk menghitung rata-rata, simpangan baku, dan koefisien keragaman, sementara analisis diskriminan kanonik untuk mengidentifikasi variabel morfometrik yang paling berpengaruh dalam membedakan subpopulasi ayam kampung menurut desa. Jarak genetik antar subpopulasi dihitung berdasarkan perbedaan karakter ukuran tubuh dan divisualisasikan dalam bentuk fenogram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bobot badan dan ukuran-ukuran tubuh ayam kampung di Kecamatan Leihitu Barat memiliki tingkat keragaman yang tinggi antara satu desa dengan desa lainnya, dan ayam jantan memiliki nilai rata-rata yang lebih besar daripada ayam betina juga baik bobot badan maupun semua sifat ukuran tubuh yang diukur. Panjang jari ketiga merupakan ukuran tubuh yang paling berperan dalam membedakan subpopulasi ayam kampung. Berdasarkan jarak genetiknya, subpopulasi ayam kampung di Desa Larike dan Liliboy memiiki hubungan kekerabatan paling dekat, diikuti oleh Desa Hatu dan Allang yang juga dekat dan membentuk satu kelompok genetik yang homogen, dan Desa Wakasihu menunjukkan jarak genetik paling jauh, membentuk klaster tersendiri. ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the diversity of body weight and body size, and analyze the genetic distance of native chickens in Leihitu Barat District, Central Maluku Regency. Data were collected through observation and measurement of samples of 196 adult male and female chickens from five villages, namely Hatu, Liliboy, Allang, Wakasihu, and Larike, which represent the native chicken population. The morphometric variables observed included body weight, chest circumference, wing length, thigh length, calf length, shank length, third toe length, and pubic width. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to calculate the mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation, while canonical discriminant analysis was used to identify the most influential morphometric variables in differentiating native chicken subpopulations according to village. Genetic distance between subpopulations was calculated based on differences in body size characters and visualized in the form of a phenogram. The results of the study showed that the body weight and body measurements of native chickens in West Leihitu District still have a high level of diversity between one village and another, and roosters have a greater average value than hens also in all body size traits measured. The length of the third toe is the body measurements that play the most role in distinguishing the subpopulations of native chickens. Based on their genetic distance, the subpopulations of native chickens in Larike and Liliboy Villages have the closest kinship relationship, followed by Hatu and Allang Villages, which are also close and form a homogeneous genetic group, and Wakasihu Village shows the farthest genetic distance, forming its own cluster.