Kebutuhan Psikososial Ibu Hamil dalam Mencegah Hipertensi Kehamilan: Studi Eksploratif : Psychosocial Needs of Pregnant Women for the Prevention of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP): An Exploratory Study - Sekarini, Ni Nyoman Ayu Desy; Putu Irma Pratiwi; Hendra Setiawan (Universitas Ngudi waluyo, 2025)
Hypertension in pregnancy is a major contributor to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Beyond clinical risk factors, psychosocial conditions—such as stress, anxiety, and social support—are increasingly recognized as influencing pregnancy health and potentially elevating the risk of hypertension. This study explored the psychosocial needs of pregnant women served by the Sukasada I Community Health Center (Puskesmas Sukasada I) in relation to preventing hypertension during pregnancy. A qualitative exploratory design was employed. Using purposive sampling, seven pregnant women aged 20–34 years who attended antenatal care at Puskesmas Sukasada I were recruited. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews conducted by the principal investigator and/or trained team members using an interview guide, complemented by field observations in the waiting area and antenatal examination rooms to capture interactions with health workers and the service environment. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis: verbatim transcription, data reduction, coding, clustering, theme identification, and interpretation. Trustworthiness was enhanced through source triangulation (interviews–observations) and member checking. Twenty subthemes emerged and were organized into four overarching themes: (1) emotional and psychological needs (stress and anxiety management, emotion regulation, and planned pregnancy); (2) support needs (husband, family, and coworkers); (3) service-facility–related needs (access, room comfort, privacy, and service delivery); and (4) health-information needs (clear, consistent, and contextual materials on risks and prevention of hypertension). A key finding highlights that support—particularly from husbands and family—is the most decisive psychosocial need in preventing hypertension in pregnancy. Meeting psychosocial needs is an essential component of antenatal care. Health centers should integrate routine psychosocial screening, brief counseling, strengthened partner/family engagement, peer support groups, improved comfort and privacy of services, and user-friendly educational materials with clear referral pathways for psychological care. Future studies should test family- or partner-based interventions with larger samples to strengthen and generalize these findings. Abstrak Hipertensi dalam kehamilan merupakan masalah kesehatan serius yang berkontribusi pada tingginya angka kesakitan dan kematian ibu serta bayi. Selain faktor klinis, kondisi psikososial—seperti stres, kecemasan, dan dukungan sosial—kian diakui berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan kehamilan dan berpotensi meningkatkan risiko hipertensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi kebutuhan psikososial ibu hamil di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sukasada I dalam kaitannya dengan upaya pencegahan hipertensi pada kehamilan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi eksploratif. Partisipan dipilih secara purposive, terdiri dari 7 ibu hamil berusia 20–34 tahun yang melakukan pemeriksaan antenatal di Puskesmas Sukasada I. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam semi-terstruktur yang dilakukan peneliti utama/anggota tim terlatih berdasarkan panduan, serta observasi lapangan di ruang tunggu dan ruang pemeriksaan untuk menangkap interaksi ibu hamil dengan petugas dan lingkungan layanan. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan analisis tematik: transkripsi verbatim, reduksi data, pengodean, pengelompokan, penentuan tema, dan interpretasi. Keabsahan data ditingkatkan melalui triangulasi sumber (wawancara–observasi) dan member checking. Hasil menunjukkan terbentuknya 20 subtema yang terhimpun dalam empat tema utama: (1) kebutuhan emosional dan psikologis (pengelolaan stres, kecemasan, regulasi emosi, kehamilan yang direncanakan); (2) kebutuhan dukungan (suami, keluarga, dan teman kerja); (3) kebutuhan terkait fasilitas layanan (akses, kenyamanan ruang, privasi, pelayanan); dan (4) kebutuhan informasi kesehatan (materi yang jelas, konsisten, dan kontekstual terkait risiko dan pencegahan hipertensi). Temuan kunci menggaris bawahi bahwa dukungan khususnya dari suami dan keluarga merupakan kebutuhan psikososial yang paling menentukan dalam mencegah hipertensi pada kehamilan. Pemenuhan kebutuhan psikososial merupakan komponen esensial perawatan antenatal. Puskesmas disarankan mengintegrasikan skrining psikososial rutin, konseling singkat, penguatan peran pasangan/keluarga, kelompok dukungan sebaya, peningkatan kenyamanan dan privasi layanan, serta penyediaan materi edukasi yang mudah dipahami beserta alur rujukan psikologis. Penelitian lanjutan perlu menguji intervensi berbasis dukungan keluarga/pasangan dan melibatkan sampel lebih besar untuk menguatkan temuan ini.